Recovery plot

Recently, NMR has been applied to the analysis of mixtures. Analysis of the time-domain fZ-NMR signals from butter was performed using multidimensional statistical procedures. It has been shown that coupling FID, CPMG and inversion-recovery plots in a single matrix may, after statistical treatments, give information on the type and quantity of fat in the sample (Gil, 1997). The results obtained showed that NMR signals were... 

Characteristically, the aluminum recovery plot for Nafion 117 could be identified as a combination of three zones Zone A (where the plot is linear). Zone B (where the plot reaches a plateau), and Zone C (where it tapers downward). The following provides a scientific explanation leading to the existence of the three zones. 

Recoveries at different concentrations are used to construct the recovery plot, as shown in Figure 16.7, where linearity with slope = 1 demonstrates 100% recovery. Recoveries > 90% are considered acceptable for bioassays. In the same figure, expected deviations from the ideal behavior at low and high concentration are shown. 

Figure 16.7. Recovery plot. Low recovery can be explained by association of the analyte with matrix components, losses of analyte during sample manipulation, or inadequate concentration of assay reagents.

The primary drive mechanism for gas field production is the expansion of the gas contained in the reservoir. Relative to oil reservoirs, the material balance calculations for gas reservoirs is rather simple the recovery factor is linked to the drop in reservoir pressure in an almost linear manner. The non-linearity is due to the changing z-factor (introduced in Section 5.2.4) as the pressure drops. A plot of (P/ z) against the recovery factor is linear if aquifer influx and pore compaction are negligible. The material balance may therefore be represented by the following plot (often called the P over z plot). 

The subscript i refers to the initial pressure, and the subscript ab refers to the abandonment pressure the pressure at which the reservoir can no longer produce gas to the surface. If the abandonment conditions can be predicted, then an estimate of the recovery factor can be made from the plot. Gp is the cumulative gas produced, and G is the gas initially In place (GIIP). This is an example of the use of PVT properties and reservoir pressure data being used in a material balance calculation as a predictive tool. 

From the above plot, it can be seen that the recovery factor for gas reservoirs depends upon how low an abandonment pressure can be achieved. To produce at a specified delivery pressure, the reservoir pressure has to overcome a series of pressure drops the drawdown pressure (refer to Figure 9.2), and the pressure drops in the tubing, processing facility and export pipeline (refer to Figure 9.12). To improve recovery of gas, compression facilities are often provided on surface to boost the pressure to overcome the pressure drops in the export line and meet the delivery pressure specified. 

Another important quality assessment tool, which provides an ongoing evaluation of an analysis, is a control chart. A control chart plots a property, such as a spike recovery, as a function of time. Results exceeding warning and control limits, or unusual patterns of data indicate that an analysis is no longer under statistical control. 

Now, at 3900 r/min and a head of 6,04 m (1982 ft), the required flow and generated brake horsepower of the recovery turbine are read. Since the horsepower of the lean pump and the recovery turbine are not identical, this entire process is repeated at another speed with the 3,03 mVmin (800 gaVniin), The difference in brake horsepower between the lean pump and the recovery turbine is then plotted against the speed for these two points, and a line is drawn between... 

The same procedure maybe used at other pump flows to permit plotting the series of balance-point curves as has been done in Fig. 29-61. From such curves, one can establish the maximum lean pump at any total tower outflow, and combining this with the semilean-pump performance curve results in Fig. 29-55. Bypass flow plotted in Fig. 29-55 is obtained by adding simultaneous lean- and semilean-pump flows and subtracting the recovery pump-turbine flow required to make the balance point at that lean-pump flow. 

Figure 2.27. Sequence of measurements to determine the C spin-lattice relaxation times of 2-octanol (42) [(CD3)2C0, 75% v/v, 25 °C, 20 MHz, inversion-recovery sequence, stacked plot]. The times at which the signals pass through zero, xo, have been used to calculate, by equation 10, the T values shown above for the nuclei of 2-octanol...

Figure 52. Plot reported by Arterburn on particle diameter vs. particle recovery for hydroclone applications.

Figure 52 also shows that the actual recovery curve does not decrease below a certain level. This indicates that a certain amount of material is always recovered to the underflow and bypasses classification. If a comparison is made between the minimum recovery level of solids to the liquid that is recovered, they are found to be equal. Therefore it is assumed that a percent of all size fractions reports directly to the underflow as bypassed solids in equal proportion to the liquid split. Then each size fraction of the actual recovery curve is adjusted by an amount equal to the liquid recovery to produce the "corrected recovery" curve shown in Figure 52. As the Djoc point changes from one application to another, the recovery curves shift, along the horizontal axis. In order to determine a single graph which represents the corrected recovery curve, the particle size of each size fraction is divided by the Dj value and a "reduced recovery" curve can be plotted, as shown in Figure 53. Studies reported by Arterburn have shown that this curve remains constant over a wide range of cyclone diameters and operating conditions when applied to a slurry...

Tests have shown that when total strain is plotted against the logarithm of the total creep time (ie NT or total experimental time minus the recovery time) there is a linear relationship. This straight line includes the strain at the end of the first creep period and thus one calculation, for say the 10th cycle allows the line to be drawn. The total creep strain under intermittent loading can then be estimated for any combinations of loading/unloading times. 

The total creep strain after the stress of 10.5 MN/m has been applied for the 11th time would be 0.121 -I- 0.747 = 0.868%. Now tests have shown that a plot of total creep strain plotted against the logarithm of the total creep time (i.e. ignoring the recovery times) is a straight line which includes the point edT). 

ISCO Chemical Company Ferrous Sulfate Recovery Plant Master Plot Plan... 

Plot relative volatility (cq) and % desired recovery for LK and HK Draw a straight line through these two points. The non-key component points will also be on this straight line. 

Plot a graph of the total effluent collected against the concentration of halide in each fraction (millimoles per litre). The sum of the titres using 0.3 M sodium nitrate eluant (less blank for each titration) corresponds to the chloride, and the parallel figure with 0.6M sodium nitrate corresponds to the bromide recovery. 

As the data in Table 1 indicate, there is a strong dependence of the hydration on the electron demands of the substituents, with a rho of -4.3 in the Yukawa-Tsuno (18) equation, where logk is plotted against p[a + t a — a)]. Partial hydration of CsHsC CT and recovery of the unreacted starting material did not result in any loss of specific activity, which indicates that the protonation of the triple bond is not significantly reversible and hence is rate determining. 

Fig. 1.—Diagrammatic Representation of the Recovery of Magnetization along the z-Axis (Mj), from Its Initial Value (-M ) to +Mo, Following Its Inversion by a 180° Pulse. The exponential recovery curve shown in [A] depicts the return of magnetization that would be found in a typical inversion-recovery experiment. The curve in [B] would be obtained from a three-pulse sequence, and is a plot of which decreases from an initial value of...

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