Recovery of Biological Products

Nicoud RM (1996) Recovery of Biological Products VIII, ACS, Tuscon, Arizona... 

Reft, M.E., Adams, K., and Anderson, D.R., Comparison of recombinant chimeric immunoglobulin secreted and purified from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and murine SP2/0 myeloma cells, in American Chemical Society Conference Recovery of Biological Products Vll, American Chemical Society, San Diego, CA, September 25-30, 1994, p. 26. 

The various steps in recovery of biological products from their natural environment have been divided into four categories.1 These are separation of solubles from insolubles, isolation, purification, and polishing. Separation of solubles from insolubles is a common chemical engineering operation and... 

Included here are short summaries of various oral presentations made at the Ninth Conference on Recovery of Biological Products, held on May 23-28, 1999, in Whistler, Canada. This conference has become the preeminent meeting in the field of bioseparations, and it provides exposure to the latest developments in the state-of-the-art downstream processing. Dr. S. Cramer of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute was kind enough to cover this meeting, and his report follows. Various session titles are listed in the order of presentation. 

Rito-Palomares M., The practical application of aqueous two-phase processes for the recovery of biological products, J. Microbiol. BiotechnoL, 12, 535-543, 2002. 

Rito-Palomares, M. (2004). Practical application of aqueous two-phase partition to process development for the recovery of biological products. Journal of Chromatography B, 807, 3-11. 

Albertsson (Paiiition of Cell Paiiicle.s and Macromolecules, 3d ed., Wiley, New York, 1986) has extensively used particle distribution to fractionate mixtures of biological products. In order to demonstrate the versatility of particle distribution, he has cited the example shown in Table 22-14. The feed mixture consisted of polystyrene particles, red blood cells, starch, and cellulose. Liquid-liquid particle distribution has also been studied by using mineral-matter particles (average diameter = 5.5 Im) extracted from a coal liquid as the solid in a xylene-water system [Prudich and Heniy, Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J., 24(5), 788 (1978)]. By using surface-active agents in order to enhance the water wettability of the solid particles, recoveries of better than 95 percent of the particles to the water phase were obsei ved. All particles remained in the xylene when no surfactant was added. 

The purpose of this subsection is to introduce the reader to the tech-niqiies and methods used to recover materials, conversion products, and energy from solid wastes. Topics to be considered include (I) processing techniques for solid waste, (2) processing techniques for hazardous wastes, (3) materials-recoveiy systems, (4) recovery of biological conversion products, (5) therm processes, and (6) waste-to-energy systems. 

TABLE 25-64 Biological and Thermal Processes Used for Recovery of Conversion Products from Solid Waste... 

Initially fermentation broth has to be characterised on the viscosity of the fluid. If the presence of the biomass or cells causes trouble, they have to be removed. Tire product is stored inside the cells, the cells must be ruptured and the product must be freed. Intracellular protein can easily be precipitated, settled or filtered. In fact the product in diluted broth may not be economical enough for efficient recovery. Enrichment of the product from the bioreactor effluents for increasing product concentration may reduce the cost of product recovery. There are several economical methods for pure product recovery, such as crystallisation of the product from the concentrated broth or liquid phase. Even small amounts of cellular proteins can be lyophilised or dried from crude solution of biological products such as hormone or enzymes.2,3... 

A large number of biologically active molecules are obtained from naturally occurring plants and animal resources. The advances in biotechnology in the past several decades enable the production of many desired compounds under controlled conditions using engineered microorganisms and cells from animals and plants. The recovery of desired products from various sources... 

Recovery of Biological Conversion Products Biological conversion products that can be derived from wastes include alcohols and a variety of other intermediate organic compounds. The principal processes that have been used are reported in Table 22-68. Composting and anaerobic digestion, the two most highly developed processes, are considered further. The recovery of gas from landfills is discussed in the portion of this subsection dealing with ultimate disposal. 

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