Reconstitution definitions

Schmidt The liver is sort of an example, and the practical answer to the question of why it is useful to know is because sometimes we want to reconstitute livers. When you do a two-thirds partial hepatectomy all the cells divide. Suppose you push this to a limit and take out 90% of a liver, the hope is that there is something called a liver stem cell which is at something called GO, which is capable of reconstituting 90% as opposed to 67%. Is this a practical definition of GO ... 

Edmondson et al (1971), who studied the enrichment of whole milk with iron, found that ferrous compounds normally caused a definite oxidized flavor when added before pasteurization. Aeration before addition of the iron reduced the off-flavor. The authors recommended the addition of ferric ammonium citrate followed by pasteurization at 81 °C. Kurtz et al. (1973) reported that iron salts can be added in amounts equivalent to 20 mg iron per liter of skim milk with no adverse flavor effects when iron-fortified dry milk is reconstituted to skim milk or used in the preparation of 2% milk. Hegenauer et al. (1979A) reported that emulsification of milk fat prior to fortification greatly reduced lipid peroxidation by all metal complexes. These researchers (Hegenauer et al. 1979B) concluded that chelated iron and copper should be added after homogenization but before pasteurization by a high-temperature-short-time process. 

In contrast to Gs and T, purified Gj has failed to work well in reconstitution assays designed to test for its ability to inhibit adenylyl cyclase in a manner predicted by the mode of action of Gs or T [69,71,72].Thus, a definitive functional assay to confirm the identity of the purified proteins may be missing. 

Scharbert, S. and Hofmann, T. 2005. Molecular definition of black tea taste by means of quantitative studies, taste reconstitution, and omission experiments. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53 5377-84. 

Definitive evidence supporting the role of the proton-motive force in ATP synthesis awaited development of techniques to purify and reconstitute organelle membranes and membrane proteins. The experiment with chloroplast thy-lakoid vesicles containing FqFi particles, outlined In Figure... 

In accordance with the latter hypothesis is the rapid reoxidation of reduced cytochrome bs in the presence of uncouplers like perfluoro-n-hexane Against the first hypothesis speaks that the reconstituted systems work without cytochrome bs and that the antibody against cytochrome bs does not inhibit the NADPH-supported monooxygenation . Although a definite answer regarding the role of cytochrome bs does not yet seem to be at hand, its principal role as an electron donor for cytochrome P4S0 under special conditions is beyond doubt. 

The relationship between Na-K ATPase activity and active trans-membrane transport of Na" " and K, discussed in detail in earlier reviews [6,127,128] rests on the following arguments. Both Na-K ATPase and Na - K transport are activated by the simultaneous presence of internal ATP, Mg and Na and external K and both are inhibited by externally present cardiac glycosides like ouabain. The half-maximal activating concentrations of Na and K, the values for ATP and the half-inhibitory concentrations of ouabain are nearly equal for the two activities in the systems where they have been determined. For a large variety of tissues there is a remarkably constant ratio of 3 Na transported per ATP hydrolyzed ([6] pp. 271-272 [128] p. 158). The 3Na /2K stoichiometry for the transport agrees with the ratio of Na released to K bound upon phosphorylation of the enzyme (Section 2). Definitive proof for the involvement of the enzyme in transmembrane transport of Na and K has come from reconstitution studies in which a purified... 

When discussing many subjects it is important that they be properly identified by definitions such is the case in recycling. Different definitions exist to meet different industry and commercial requirements. ASTM defines a recycled plastics as those plastics composed of postconsumer material and recovered material only, or both, that may or may not have been subjected to additional processing steps of the types used to make products such as recycled regrind, or processed or reconstituted plastics. The industry scrap includes what is commonly referred to as trim or regrind in plastic production, is not considered recycled material. 

---