Industrial scrap

The principal types of scrap are battery plates and paste, drosses, skimmings, and industrial scrap such as solders, babbitts, cable sheathing, etc. 

There are many common misconceptions about vinyl. Eor example, the idea that vinyl is not recycled is untme. Industrial scrap vinyl has been recycled for years, but in more recent years, post-consumer vinyl recycling is growing, too, with about 3.25 x 10 tons (6.5 x 10 lb) of post-consumer vinyl (primarily botdes) being recycled in the 1990s. When the Council for SoHd Waste Solutions (now the American Plastics Council) conducted a nationwide survey in 1991, it found that there were an estimated 1100 municipal recycling programs in place or plaimed in the United States that include vinyl. 

Khait, K., Reconstituted polymeric materials derived from post-consumer waste, industrial scrap and virgin resins made by solid state pulverization, US patent, 5,814,673, 1998. 

Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) is generally used in PET at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 2%. Reactive extrusion of PET with PMDA has been reported by Incamato et al. [9], These authors used PMDA to increase the molecular weight of PET industrial scraps sourced from a PET processing plant. They found that concentrations of PMDA between 0.50 and 0.75 % promote chain extension reactions that lead to an increase of MW, a broadening of the MWD and branching phenomena which modify the PET scrap in such a way that makes... 

Industrial scrap vinyl has been recycled for years, blit in more recent years, post-consumer vinyl recycling is growing. In 1991, there were an estimated 1100 municipal recycling programs in place or planned in the United States that include vinyl. 

Vinyl is recycled by at least 170 recyclers in the United States and Canada. In 1994, about 2.9 x 103 t (6.5 x 106 lb) of post-consumer vinyl were recycled in the United States. An estimated additional 135 x 103 t (300 x 106 lb) of vinyl post-industrial scrap was diverted from landfills and recycled into second-generation products. More than 3500 communities accept vinyl products in their recycling programs, which is about 25% of all communities that recycle. 

A lung cancer cluster was identified in steel mill workers who worked in the melt shop of an electric steel-making operationJ18 That mill cast carbon and specialty steels from scrap metals. The raw materials for the plant included automobile industry scrap, construction materials, and containers that were coated with oil-based and other organic materials. Flue dust analysis revealed the following hydrophilic compounds ... 

An increasing amount of tin is also being recovered, by melting, from food and drink cans and industrial scrap. 

This was mainly acheived by generation of Fe(II) in the system by partial reduction of Fe(III) in item (4.2.) above by Fe(0) - turnings, another industrial scrap. In order to attain required Fe(III)/Fe(II) ratio, R, requisite quantity of Fe-tumings, Y, was added to a solution containing X quantity of Fe(lII) as per the empirical equation ... 

The methods of recycling depend very much on the type of the waste stream and the degree of cleanliness. The relatively clean PCW can be processed by similar methods as those used for industrial scrap. The readily identifiable constituents of such mixed waste streams, e.g., soft drink bottles (PET) and milk containers (HDPE) can be separated and recycled as single polymer recyclates. After removing these containers, the tailings of PCW are made of 50-75 wt% of PE s, 25 wt% of PS, ABS and their blends, and... 

Impregnated resins for the selective adsorption of noble metal ions obtained [108] by loading TOA onto macroreticular hydrophobic resins were proposed. Au(lll), Pt(lV), and Pd(Il) are adsorbed on the resins as anionic chloro complexes. The adsorption efficiency of the resin was closely related to the specific surface area, the hydrophobic property of the resin matrix, and the amount of TOA loaded. The distribution coefficients of the resin for Au(lll), Pt(lV), and Pd(ll) are higher than 10 in 1 M HCl solutions. The selective recovery of gold and platinum by column operation from the acid-leaching solutions of industrial scraps has been demonstrated. Different from the case of conventional anion exchangers, the adsorbed chloro complexes were readily released from the resin as ion pairs with TOAH" by elution with 4-methyl-2-pentanone. 

When discussing many subjects it is important that they be properly identified by definitions such is the case in recycling. Different definitions exist to meet different industry and commercial requirements. ASTM defines a recycled plastics as those plastics composed of postconsumer material and recovered material only, or both, that may or may not have been subjected to additional processing steps of the types used to make products such as recycled regrind, or processed or reconstituted plastics. The industry scrap includes what is commonly referred to as trim or regrind in plastic production, is not considered recycled material. 

More and more attention is being paid to the recycling of rare earth elements from industrial scrap in order to help secure the supply of these elements, mostly because of their limited occurrence in minable primary resources and also because of the environmental concerns associated with mining and separation operations. The chapter presents a comprehensive review of the... 

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