Receptor autonomic

Gromoll, J., Simoni, M., and Nieschlag, E. (1996) An activating mutation of the foUicle-stimu-lating hormone receptor autonomously sustains spermatogenesis in a hypophysectomized man. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81,1367-1370. 

Neuroleptic Interactions with the Noradrenergic q-Receptor - Autonomic sympatholytic effects such as orthostatic hypotension and sedation are among the most prominent untoward actions of neuroleptic drugs. These side effects have been attributed to blockade of central and peripheral adrenergic a-receptors39 0 1 but direct quantitative evaluation of a-receptor blockade in the CNS by these agents has not been heretofore feasible. In... 

The diffuse nature of orexinergic projections is consistent with combined patterns of expression of the two orexin receptors, which is widespread but differential and often complementary within and even outside the CNS. OX2Rs are found primarily in structures attributed to control of sleq)-wake functions, whereas OXIRs are more abundant in limbic structures controlling aspects of feeding, autonomic outflow, energy homeostasis, and to a lesser extent also REM-sleq). 

It is well established that the autonomic nervous system shows marked plasticity. The expression of cotransmitters and receptors shows dramatic changes during development and ageing, in nerves that remain... 

Thyroid autonomy appears as a solitary toxic nodule or toxic multinodular goitre. In toxic thyroid, the nodule s synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones is autonomous from the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is produced in the pituitary gland. Accordingly TSH is suppressed and the extranodular thyroid tissue is functionally downregulated. Thyroid autonomy occurs frequently in iodine-deficient countries, whereas it is much less common in iodine-sufficient areas. Constitu-tively activating mutations in the TSH receptor and in the Gs a protein are the major molecular aetiology of toxic thyroid nodules. 

Smooth muscle cell activity is in general under neural control. Thus, the many transmitters of the autonomic nervous system are paired with receptors on the smooth muscle cell membrane. One of the current questions about smooth muscle function is What intracellular processes are the different transmitters modulating in the smooth muscle cells, in addition to their effects on the contractile state ... 

Drugs that block the nicotinic receptors on autonomic ganglia, such as hexamethonium, probably do so by actually blocking the Na+ ion channel rather than the receptor. Generally these receptors appear to resemble the central ones more than those at the neuromuscular junction and dihydro-jS-erythroidine is one drug that it is an effective antagonist in both ganglia and the CNS. 

Bohni R, Riesgo-Escovar J, Oldham S et al 1999 Autonomous control of cell and organ size by CHICO, a Drosophila homolog of vertebrate IRS 1-4. Cell 97 865—875 Chen C, Jack J, GarofaloRS 1996 The Drosophila insulin receptor is required for normal growth. Endocrinology 137 846—856... 

Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter in the CNS and at some ganglia in the autonomic nervous system. To date, three main types of receptors have been found D1( D2, and D3. The main dopaminergic systems in the brain are the nigro-neostriatal... 

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