Receptor on dopamine

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FIGURE 5.1 Ratio of affinity (open circles) and agonist potency (filled circles) for dopamine agonists on dopamine D2 vs D3 receptors. Abscissae numbers referring to agonist key on right. Data calculated from [1],... 

This is the case when the excitatory Dx receptors on these striatal GABAergic projection neurons are no longer activated since the transmitter dopamine is reduced (green broken arrows at 2). The indirect pathway is... 

Cytotoxics cause an elevation of dopamine levels in the area postrema in animal studies and may release prostaglandins and inhibit enzymes such as enkepha-linases to allow increased levels of enkephalins to activate opioid receptors on dopaminergic nerves. 

Nicotine is the main psychoactive ingredient of tobacco and is responsible for the stimulant effects and abuse/ addiction that may result form tobacco use. Cigarette smoking rapidly (in about 3 sec ) delivers pulses of nicotine into the bloodstream. Its initial effects are caused by its activation of nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors. nACh receptors are ligand-gated ion-channels and pre- and postsynaptically located. Reinforcement depends on an intact mesolimbic dopamine system (VTA). nACh receptors on VTA dopamine neurons are normally activated by cholinergic innervation from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus or the pedunculopontine nucleus. 

Figure 17.8 Comparison of the antagonist potencies of some neuroleptics on different NT receptors. Data are shown for haloperidol (HAL), chlorpromazine (CPZ), clozapine (CLOZ) and risperidone (RISP) acting on dopamine Dj and D2, 5-HT2 (S2), alpha (0(2) adrenoceptors and cholinergic muscarinic receptors (M). The height of each column shows an average of the dissociation constants obtained from a number of publications (see Seeman 1990). The values, which can vary some fiftyfold, are expressed as the negative logarithms (i.e. 9 = 10 M,lnM) so that the higher the column, the more potent the compound. The order of potency of the four compounds at each receptor is shown alongside...

Samanta, S., Debnath, B., Gayen, S., Ghosh, B Basu, A., Srikanth, K., Jha, T. QSAR modeling on dopamine D2 receptor binding affinity of 5-methoxy benzamides. Farmaco 2005, 60, 818-825. 

Duran-Vazquez A., Drucker-Cohn R. (1997). Differential role of dopamine receptors on motor asymmetries of nigro-stratal lesioned animals that are REM sleep deprived. Brain Res. 744, 171-4. 

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Hitri A., Little K., Ellinwood D. Effect of cocaine on dopamine transporter receptors depends on routes of chronic cocaine administration. Neuropsychopharmacology. 14 205, 1996. 

Meador-Woodruff J., Little K., Damask S., Mansour P., Watson S. Effects of cocaine on dopamine receptor gene expression A study in the postmortem human brain. Biol. Psychiatry. 34 348, 1993. 

Shimosato K., Marley R., Saito T. Differential effects of NMDA receptor and dopamine receptor antagonists on cocaine toxicities. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 51, 1995. 

Drugs stimulate receptors on the cell bodies of dopaminergic neurons causing dopamine release and stimulating postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens, supposedly resulting in the perception of pleasure [1]. Other hypotheses suggest that these mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways are necessary for the... 

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