Real-time test runs

All the synthesis steps mentioned above can be executed either automatically or interactively. The programmed ASIC emulator can be inserted directly into the overall mechatronic system to facilitate real-time test runs. In the following, all main synthesis steps will be described in the same top-down sequence as they are implemented through the synthesis script. Throughout the rest of the chapter, the terms ASIC emulator (board), rapid prototyping board, and target architecture will be used synonymously. 

Simulation runs are typically short (t 10 - 10 MD or MC steps, correspondmg to perhaps a few nanoseconds of real time) compared with the time allowed in laboratory experiments. This means that we need to test whether or not a simulation has reached equilibrium before we can trust the averages calculated in it. Moreover, there is a clear need to subject the simulation averages to a statistical analysis, to make a realistic estimate of the errors. 

The latest CARB/EPA procedures require diurnal emissions to be measured during a real time, three day test that exposes the complete vehicle to daily temperature fluctuations. This test method has been employed to more accurately reflect the real world diurnal emissions that occur. Running loss emission measurements were also initiated in the latest test procedures. Evaporative emissions are measured... 

Despite the obvious merit of this conventional wisdom, selectivity wild cards often prove essential, and there is real value in developing a repertoire of special weapons and tactics. Even though there is no way to predict which, if any, will produce the effect you seek, the options are limited, well defined, and the investment of resources reasonably modest. By the time you get to the point of evaluating wild cards, you will probably be sufficiently familiar with your analytical system to discern a useful result from a chromatogram without extensive secondary testing. The principal investment will be buffer preparation and the time to run the analyses. 

The sample is loaded onto the instrument and the time reference is noted by starting a timer or resetting a timer in the software. A dynamic test for viscoelastic structure is then used to monitor changes in the sample that could result from mechanical relaxation, drying, or thixotropy. A time sweep test is usually performed at a constant temperature. The test is also run at a constant frequency that is comparable to real-time observation (typically 1 Hz) or at a constant angular frequency (10 rad/sec or 1.6 Hz). 

The model has been used for a variety of simations in order to test the reliability of the choices made. It also currently runs at ECMWF in the frame of the GEMS Project for the ensemble near-real-time experiment. Some of the main results are briefly reported in the following sections. 

In this case, an intercalibration study served not only to test the ability of the various laboratories to perform an analysis, it also pointed out the steps in the determination which required further research. The high temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO) technique has become much more common in this field, with several companies now supplying suitable instrumentation. This technique is not only simpler to run than the older wet oxidation methods, it also allows almost-real-time analyses at sea. The problem of the production of a proper blank, and therefore of a proper reference material for the DOC analysis, has yet to be solved at this time it is being patched by the use of low DOC deep water as a blank, or of water which has passed through the combustion chamber of the analyzer and subsequently condensed. Placing DOC and total nitrogen (TN) detectors in-line has made simultaneous determinations of both quantities on the same sample a routine procedure [53]. 

The on-site method currently being tested at the four pilot locations must have the capability of handling multiple orifice meter runs (as many as twelve) as well as turbine or rotary meters. It must have the capability of retaining several days information in 15-minute increments. This is because tariff rates can change on short notice. It must incorporate real time specific gravity, % N2, % CO2 and BTU as well as flow. 

Linkage of multiple samples in one test run Production of anaiyst worksheets and daiiy/weekly schedules Graphical representation of resuits Real-time data input... 

The transaction focus of APS systems renders their speed of execution critical to their effectiveness. Taking advantage of the many advances in hardware and software technology over the last decade, APS systems have execution speeds orders of magnitude faster than those of traditional MRP. Most APS engines have their data downioaded, either in batch or transaction mode, to a dedicated server that is architected to run memory-resident programs and databases. Under this scheme, they are able to deliver real-time order promising and make multiple runs to test various actions in an effort to further improve the plan. 

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