Real time degradation

Figure 3 high resolution TEM images with Fourier transforms showing the real-time degradation of the BEA framework under a 200 kV accelerated electron beam images at a) time = 0s and after b) 10s, c) 20s and d) 40s. 

The specification development process is a data-driven activity that requires a validated analytical method. The levels of data needed include assay precision, replicate process results (process precision), and real-time stability profiles. A statistical analysis of these data is critical in setting a realistic specification. Most often, aggregation and fragmentation degradation mechanisms are common to protein and peptide therapeutics. Therefore, the SE-HPLC method provides a critical quality parameter that would need to be controlled by a specification limit. 

Degradation of 5 -terminal sequences in luciferase mRNA containing 60-nt poly(A) tract and capped with the indicated anti reverse cap analogs. The mRNAs half-lives were determined by real time PCR with primers directed against the 5 -end of luciferase mRNA as described in the text. 

The ability of the new precursors to decompose thermally to yield singlephase CIS was investigated by powder XRD analysis and EDS on the nonvolatile solids from the TGA experiments of selected compounds. Furthermore, using TGA-evolved gas analysis (EGA), the volatile components from the degradation of the SSPs could be analyzed via real-time fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and mass spectrometry (MS), thus providing information for the decomposition mechanism.3 The real-time FTIR spectrum for 7 and 8 shows absorptions at approximately 3000,1460,1390,1300, and 1250 cm-1 (see Fig. 6.7). 

The main objective for an intelligent system in electrolyser operations is to gather and process valuable information for a greater control and efficiency. To achieve the aforementioned objective, two key functions have to be performed properly. Firstly, accurate and precise real-time data need to be obtained and secondly, the system should be able to process and interpret these data based on fundamental and acquired industrial electrochemical knowledge. In the case of R2 s EMOS , this second key element refers directly to its capability to use embedded human expertise to find optimal operating solutions and to detect and correctly identify equipment degradation or other anomalies. 

For drug substances, a retest date is generally determined. The period up to the retest date is a period during which the material is known to adhere to its specification, for example, for assay or degradants. The retest date may be assigned on the basis of real-time stability data obtained at the recommended storage conditions or on the basis of accelerated stability data obtained under more stressful conditions. 

Nogueira, R., Alberici, R., Mendez, M., Jardin, W., and Eberlin, M., Photocatalytic degradation of phenol and trichloroethylene online and real-time monitoring via membrane introduction mass spectroscopy, Indust. Eng. Chem. Res., 38(5), 1754-1758, 1999. 

A major breakthrough in the development of quantitative PCR was the invention of real-time detection methods for DNA amplification product during PCR [63], In this technique, a fluorescence-generating probe (e.g., a Taq-man probe, see Fig. 7A) is added to the PCR mix. During amplification of the DNA template, the probe is modified/degraded, so that an initially quenched fluorescence increases parallel to the increased amount of amplified DNA. As a less specific alternative, an intercalation marker could be added to the PCR mix, which incorporates in the double-stranded PCR product and thereby increases fluorescence during PCR. 

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