Reactor operating organization

The reactor operating organization will usually need to provide the personnel for a feasibility study, the development of specifications, design, installation, testing and operation of the facility at the reactor. Contractors to the operating organization may also perform these tasks. 

The operating organization normally provides a senior staff member who is well acquainted with the facility, as well as most aspects of the treatment process, to serve as a joint Chief for Treatment along with a physician. 

The cost for the installation of a BNCT facility at an existing reactor will depend heavily on the modifications necessary at the reactor to install the facility as discussed earlier. Based on actual reactor modification costs at several research reactors, the following estimates are presented  

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The structure of ROD is documented in Attachment 3 of ROSI III.l (Reference 3). Revision 5 of ROSI III.l reflects the current ROD organization and addresses the responsibilities and authorities of all ROD personnel and their interfaces with support groups. Based on the above, the criterion for the operating contractor to provide administrative procedures that document the structure of the reactor operations organization, including job descriptions, authorities, responsibilities, and interfaces with support groups is acceptably satisfied. 

ROSI IV.15, "Independent Verification," (Reference 2) establishes guidelines for the implementation of an independent verification program within the reactor operations organization. The ROSI defines independent verification as examinations or measurements performed by qualified individuals who did not perform the initial operation or activity. Independent verifications are... 

Some reactors are designed specifically to withstand an explosion (14). The multitube fixed-bed reactors typically have ca 2.5-cm inside-diameter tubes, and heat from the highly exothermic oxidation reaction is removed by a circulating molten salt. This salt is a eutectic mixture of sodium and potassium nitrate and nitrite. Care must be taken in reactor design and operation because fires can result if the salt comes in contact with organic materials at the reactor operating temperature (15). Reactors containing over 20,000 tubes with a 45,000-ton annual production capacity have been constmcted. 

EBHP is mixed with a catalyst solution and fed to a horizontal compartmentalized reactor where propylene is introduced into each compartment. The reactor operates at 95—130°C and 2500—4000 kPa (360—580 psi) for 1—2 h, and 5—7 mol propylene/1 mol EBHP are used for a 95—99% conversion of EBHP and a 92—96% selectivity to propylene oxide. The homogeneous catalyst is made from molybdenum, tungsten, or titanium and an organic acid, such as acetate, naphthenate, stearate, etc (170,173). Heterogeneous catalysts consist of titanium oxides on a siUca support (174—176). 

The work on the electrochemical generation of a solution of ceric sulphate from slurry of cerous sulphate in 1-2 M sulphuric acid was abandoned by BCR due to difficulties encountered in handling slurried reactants. A 6kW pilot reactor operated at 50 °C using a Ti plate anode and a tungsten wire cathode (electrolyte velocity about 2ms 1) produced 0.5 M Ce(S04)2 on the anode with a current efficiency of 60%. The usefulness of Ce(IV) has been limited by the counter anions [131,132], Problems include instability to oxidation, reactivity with organic substrates and low solubility. Grace found that use of cerium salts of methane sulfonate avoids the above problems. Walsh has summarized the process history, Scheme 6 [133],... 

N. Midoux, B.I. Morsi, M. Purwasasmita, A. Laurent and J.C. Charpentier, Interfacial area and liquid-side mass transfer coefficient in trickle-bed reactors operating with organic liquids, Chem. Engng. Science, 39 (1984) 781-794. 

The o-xylene oxidation was carried out in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor operating at atmospheric pressure. The feed mixture (0.7 mol%) was obtained injecting the organic reactant in the air flow. 

A mixture of ethylene and butene-1 is prepared by the dimerization of ethylene in the presence of organic aluminium compound AIR3 in a boiling solvent reaction zone. High purity ethylene is fed into the dimerization reactor operating at 27 atm. The dimerization takes place... 

In a typical SWO operation, organic waste and high-pressure oxygen (or air, or H2O2) are fed to the reactor. The reaction products are then cooled and depressurized to collect the benign products (Fig. 2). 

Variables Studied. The main independent variables investigated were the pulping base (Na, Ca, or Mg) and the reactor operating temperature. The latter was explored for each type of liquor at least at two levels. Other operating variables, which from earlier experiments were known to have a lesser effect on the most important dependent variables, were only spot checked. These were the feed rate, the reactor pressure, and the solids concentration—i.e., water-.organics ratio. The particular (nominal) levels of operating parameters chosen were ... 

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