Reactor electro chemical

Oren, Y., Abde, M. and Tamir, A. (1992). Mass transfer in an electro-chemical reactor with two interacting jets. J Applied Electrochemistry, 22 950-958. 

Y. Ye, L. Rikho-Struckmann, B. Munder, et al., Feasibility of an electro-chemical membrane reactor for partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride. 

Another partial oxidation reaction that is attracting industrial attention for the application of reactive separations is the production of synthesis gas from methane [Stoukides, 2.127]. The earlier efforts made use of solid oxide solutions as electrolytes. Stoukides and coworkers (Eng and Stoukides [2.200, 2.126], Alqahtany et al. [2.201, 2.202]), for example, using a YSZ membrane in an electrochemical membrane reactor obtained a selectivity to CO and H2 of up to 86 %. They found that a Fe anodic electrode was as active as Ni in producing synthesis gas from methane (Alqahtany et al. [2.201, 2.202]), and that electro-chemically produced O was more effective in producing CO than gaseous oxygen (no ef-... 

Explorations of new electrochemical routes to traditional as well as specialty chemicals via electro-organic synthesis have given rise to a search for more efficient electrochemical reactors. The radial flow reactors or cells show promise compared to the conventional parallel plate configurations. A typical radial flow reactor is schematically shown in Fig. 39, which includes the... 

There is increasing interest in solid-state electro-catalytic reactors for a variety of potential applications (fuel cells, cogenerators of chemicals and electricity, chemical reactors, and electrolyzers). 

Electro-reduction and -oxidation processes are easy to operate and control remotely. Unlike the use of redox chemicals, they do not give rise to waste salts. Convenient remote control and operation and avoidance of waste salts are especially attractive features for commercial processing of any type of power reactor fuel. According]y, the electrode reactions were introduced quite early as intermediate steps in reprocessing. The electrochemical decladding of spent fuels was the first process in this field to be advanced up to the technical scale in the USA (J, 2 3, ... 

A channel MSR without any internals for mixing can also be used for three-phase reactions hydrogenation of /)-nitrotoluene to / -toluidine in microchannel reactors using different ways of preparation of the Pd catalyst [22]. Practically this reaction is free of by-products, that is, selectivity to / -toluidine is 100%. Depending on the operating conditions, the conversion was varied from 58 to 98% in MSR. The conversion for an electrodeposited palladium was 58%, for chemical deposited palladium was in between 58 and 98%, for impregnated catalyst on an electro-oxidized nanoporous substrate was 89%, and for fixed bed catalyst was 85%. Though the best MSR conversion is similar to that of a conventional fixed bed reactor, the increased heat removal allowed a pronounced decrease in reaction time down to some few minutes [23]. 

When scaling a conventional centimeter-sized reactor down to the micron scale, the surface-to-volume ratio significantly increases to the point where the container walls can effectively become an active or influential part of the reaction or process occurring in the fluidic channel. Clearly, this attribute of micro-reactors can be viewed in a positive way and leads to the opportunity to exploit the surface-dependent performance. A relatively simple but important example of this effect is where the surface charge of the capillary is neutralised by the solution contained within it to form a charged double layer, which under the influence of an applied electric field leads to the electro-osmotic mobilisation of the solution. In more chemical applications the surfaces could represent reagents, catalysts or even physical molecular imprinted structures. 

The subjects of catalytic science include catalysis (cataljAic phenomena and principle) catalyst (composition, structure, performance and manufacturing method and principle) catalytic reaction kinetics (chemical kinetics and mechanism) as well as cataljAic reaction engineering (apparent kinetics inclucing transport process and reaction process and reactor design) etc. The main tasks of catalytic science are to elucidate the nature of catalytic active sites, the function of catalyst and reaction mechanism to explore the main factors influencing activity, selectivity and stabihty of catalyst to accumulate acknowledge for the exploitation and development of chemical catalysis and to open up its relatively new disciplines — bionic catalysis, photo catalysis, electro catalysis and photoelectric catalysis — to indicate... 

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