Photoelectric catalysis

The subjects of catalytic science include catalysis (cataljAic phenomena and principle) catalyst (composition, structure, performance and manufacturing method and principle) catalytic reaction kinetics (chemical kinetics and mechanism) as well as cataljAic reaction engineering (apparent kinetics inclucing transport process and reaction process and reactor design) etc. The main tasks of catalytic science are to elucidate the nature of catalytic active sites, the function of catalyst and reaction mechanism to explore the main factors influencing activity, selectivity and stabihty of catalyst to accumulate acknowledge for the exploitation and development of chemical catalysis and to open up its relatively new disciplines — bionic catalysis, photo catalysis, electro catalysis and photoelectric catalysis — to indicate... 

Nonstoichiometric oxide phases are of great importance in semiconductor devices, in heterogeneous catalysis and in understanding photoelectric, thermoelectric, magnetic and diffusional properties of solids. They have been used in thermistors, photoelectric cells, rectifiers, transistors, phosphors, luminescent materials and computer components (ferrites, etc.). They are cmcially implicated in reactions at electrode surfaces, the performance of batteries, the tarnishing and corrosion of metals, and many other reactions of significance in catalysis. ... 

Concerning the mode of formation of ES, we prefer the concept that the substrate in a monolayer is chemisorbed to the active center of the enzyme protein, just as the experimental evidence pertaining to surface catalysis by inorganic catalysts indicates that in these reactions chemisorbed, not physically adsorbed, reactants are involved. Such a concept is supported by the demonstration of spectroscopically defined unstable intermediate compounds between enzyme and substrate in the decomposition by catalase of ethyl hydroperoxide,11 and in the interaction between peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide.18 Recently Chance18 determined by direct photoelectric measurements the dissociation con-... 

Silver is especially attractive among all metals. As we all know, the composite silver nanomaterials are used in many application fields, such as photoelectricity science, film separation, catalysis, and so on. Composite silver catalyst is usually applied in selective oxidation reaction. ... 

Important scientific and industrial applications for thulium and its compounds remain to be developed. In particular, the photoelectric, semiconductor, and thermoelectric properties of the element and compounds, particularly behavior in the near-infrared region of the spectrum, are being studied. Thulium has been used in phosphors, ferrite bubble devices, and catalysis. Irradiated thulium (169Tm) is used in a portable x-ray unit. 

Fig. II. Cell for the measuiement of work function by the photoelectric method. A, quartz window B, cathode C, wire to anode him D, graded glass seals E, filament F, substance to be adsorbed G, cold trap J, outlet to pumps. From R. Suhrman, Advances in Catalysis, 7 (I9SS) 308.

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