Reactor characterized

Figure 14.3 Reactor Characterization diagram. (Redrawn from Thomas [55].)...

Losey, M. W, Schmidt, M. A., Jensen, K. F., Microfabricated multiphase packed-bed reactors characterization of mass transfer and reactions, Ind. Chem. Res. 

Continuous reactor a reactor characterized by a continuous flow of reactants into and a continuous flow of products from the reaction system examples are the plug flow reactor (PFR) and the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). 

Pfalzer, U. and Hua, I. Ultrasonic Irradiation of Carbofuran Decomposition Kinetics and Reactor Characterization, submitted, October, 1998 to Journal American Water Works Association. 

Figure 17.3. Ratio of volumes of an n-stage CSTR battery and a segregated flow reactor characterized by a residence time distribution with variance a2 = 1/n. Second-order reaction.

The thermal time constant of a reactor characterizes the dynamics of the evolution of the reactor temperature. In fact, since it contains the ratio of the mass proportional to volume with the dimension L3 to the heat exchange area with the dimension L2, it varies non-linearly with the reactor scale, as is explained in Section 2.4. Some values of the time constant obtained with normalized stainless steel reactors [1] are summarized in Table 9.3. The variation by a factor of about 7, over the range considered here, is critical during scale-up. The heating or cooling times are often expressed as the half-life, the time required for the temperature difference to be divided by two ... 

This last chapter sketches the extension of the methods developed in the previous chapters to real chemical batch reactors, characterized by nonideal fluid dynamics and by the presence of multiphase systems. 

Hua I, Pfalzer-Thompson U. Ultrasonic irradiation of carbofuran decomposition kinetics and reactor characterization. Water Res 2001 36 1445-1452. 

Fig. 8.9 A mobile photoreactor module designed to perform field trials. Reactor characterization two spiral shaped MP Hg lamps (2 x PJJ = 5 kW) with an irradiation length of 120 cm each, maximum flow rate 10 m h reproduced by permission of UMEX GmbH (Dresden, Germany).

Glasser, D., Katz, S., and Shinnar, R., the measurement and interpretation of contact time distributions for catalytic reactor characterization./nd. Eng. Chem. Fundament. 12,165 (1973). 

Calculate the mean residence time and the variance for the reactor characterized in Example 13 -1 by the RTD obtained from a pulse input at 320 K. 

Since the particles spend different times in the reactor, characterized by exponential distribution in a perfectly mixed reactor, averaging of conversions in particles of all residence times is involved. 

P13>9x Consider again the nonideal reactor characterized by the RTO data in Example 13-S. The irreversible gas-phase nonelemeniaty reaction... 

Such reactors (applied for gas and liquid systems) are stirred flow or recirculation reactors, characterized ideally by very small concentration and temperature gradients within the catalyst region. 

Losey, M.W., M.A. Schmidt, and K.F. Jensen, Microfabiicated multiphase packed-bed reactors Characterization of mass transfer and reactions. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2001,40 2555-2562. 

In this chapter, the Navier-Stokes equations have been solved in the actual 3D geometry of the reactor, thereby exploiting the full potential of the new approach, and detailed surface kinetics (Visconti et al., 2013) was implemented in the model with two main implications. On a more fundamental level, it demonstrates the power of the CAT-PP approach proposed here, which allows us to perform simulations of complex catalytic reactors characterized by nonideal flow fields, in which multistep reactions take place. On a more applied level, it allows us to assess the extent of the nonidealities of the simulated operando FTIR reaction cell, which is commercially available and is used by many research groups worldwide. This is extremely relevant especially for researchers who ivant to use the cell to collect quantitative information, since it will allow the verification of whether the cell is an ideal reactor or not. This latter hypothesis has been exploited, for example, by Visconti et al. (2013) to develop the first comprehensive and physically consistent spectrokinetic model for NOx storage... 

As indicated in Table 17.1, there are essentially three main classes of three-phase fixed-bed catalytic reactors. The class of reactors characterized by cocurrent downflow of gas and liquid is called the trickle bed reactor (TBR). We shall be concerned here only with these reactors, for they are more commonly used in organic technology than the other two variations. 

A jacketed continuous stirred tank reactor characterized by an irreversible exothermic reaction A —> B (Dash et al., 2003 Luyben, 1990). Assuming heat losses and constant densities to be negligible, the equations governing the system are as follows ... 

In contrast to the ideal CSTR, backmbdng is excluded in an ideal tubular reactor, characterized by a plug flow pattern of the fluid, with uniform radial composition and temperature. The material balance for a small volume system element (AV) shown in Figure 2.9 at the reactor steady state is written as... 

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