Nonideal Fluids

Lee L L 1988 Molecular Thermodynamics of Nonideal Fluids (Boston ButtenA/orths)... 

For theoretical cycle work performed in an adiabatic compression cycle (nonideal fluid) ... 

Linear momentum (L) operator, time reversal symmetry and, 243-244 Linear scaling, multiparticle collision dynamics, nonideal fluids, 137 Linear thermodynamics entropy production, 20-23 formalities, 8-11... 

Gree-Kubo expression, 102-104 mesoscale simulation of complex systems basic princples, 90-92 real system simulations, 113-114 multicomponent systems, 96-97 nonideal fluids, 136-137 polymers, 122-128... 

L. Lee, Molecular Thermodynamics of Nonideal Fluids, Bntterworth, Boston, 1988. 1. N. Israelachvili, Intermolecular and Surfaces Forces, Academic Press, London, 1992 Watanabe, A. M. Brodsky, andW. P. Reinhardt,/. Phys. Chem. 95 (1991) 4593. 

Gas Separation by Adsorption Processes Ralph T. Yang Heterogeneous Reactor Design Hong H. Lee Molecular Thermodynamics of Nonideal Fluids Lloyd L. Lee Phase Equilibria in Chemical Engineering Stanley M. Walas Transport Processes in Chemically Reacting Flow Systems Darnel E. Rosner... 

This last chapter sketches the extension of the methods developed in the previous chapters to real chemical batch reactors, characterized by nonideal fluid dynamics and by the presence of multiphase systems. 

MEISs and macroscopic kinetics. Formalization of constraints on chemical kinetics and transfer processes. Reduction of initial equations determining the limiting rates of processes. Development of the formalization methods of kinetic constraints direct application of kinetics equations, transition from the kinetic to the thermodynamic space, and direct setting of thermodynamic constraints on individual stages of the studied process. Specific features of description of constraints on motion of the ideal and nonideal fluids, heat and mass exchange, transfer of electric charges, radiation, and cross effects. Physicochemical and computational analysis of MEISs with kinetic constraints and the spheres of their effective application. 

See, for example Hansen, J. P., and McDonald, 1. R Theory of Simple Liquids, 2nd Ed. Academic Press, London, 1986 Gray, C. G., and Gubbins, K. E., Theory of Molecular Fluids. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1984 Lee, L. L., Molecular Thermodynamics of Nonideal Fluids. Butterworths, Boston, 1987. 

For a nonideal fluid, the driving force is related to the chemical potential gradient... 

Whiting, W. B. Prausnitz, J. M. Equations of state for strongly nonideal fluid mixtures apphcation of local compositions toward density-dependent mixing rules. Fluid Phase Equilib. 1982, 9, 119-147. 

In a nonideal fluid, the chemical potential may be written as a function of the activity and we have... 

Diffusion is the intermingling of the atoms or molecules of more than one species it is the inevitable result of the random motions of the individual molecules that are distributed throughout space. The development of a rigorous kinetic theory to describe this intermingling in gas mixtures is one of the major scientific achievements of the nineteenth century. A simplified kinetic theory of diffusion, adapted from Present (1958), is the main theme of Section 2.1. More rigorous (and complicated) developments are to be found in the books by Hirschfelder et al. (1964), Chapman and Cowling (1970), and Cunningham and Williams (1980). An extension to cover diffusion in nonideal fluids is developed thereafter. 

Matrix Formulation of the Maxwell-Stefan Equations for Nonideal Fluids... 

MULTICOMPONENT FILM MODEL FOR MASS TRANSFER IN NONIDEAL FLUID SYSTEMS... 

In this section we briefly describe how the solutions developed above for mass transfer in ideal gases can be extended to cover nonideal fluids. The starting point for the analysis of mass transfer in nonideal fluid mixtures is the set of generalized Maxwell-Stefan Eqs. 2.2.1, which for one-dimensional mass transfer, may be written as... 

The interaction phenomena discussed earlier for the ideal gas case will also be possible for nonideal fluid mixtures, for which [T] contribute to the matrix [A ] by means of its separate influence on [A ], the zero flux matrix, and [3], the correction factor matrix. 

The linearized theory of Toor (1964) and of Stewart and Prober (1964) discussed in Section 8.4 can be extended to nonideal fluids simply by using the appropriate relation for the matrix of multicomponent diffusion coefficients. For nonideal mixtures the matrix [ )] is evaluated as... 

Example 8.7.1 Mass Transfer in a Nonideal Fluid Mixture... 

To illustrate the application of the film model for nonideal fluid mixtures we consider steady-state diffusion in the system glycerol(l)-water(2)-acetone(3). This system is partially miscible (see Krishna et al., 1985). Determine the fluxes Ap A2, and A3 in the glycerol-rich phase if the bulk liquid composition is... 

Using the Maxwell-Stefan equations for nonideal fluids, Eqs. 2.2.1, as a basis, develop a general expression for an effective diffusivity defined in terms of the generalized driving force as... 

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