Reactor biosensor

Construction membrane biosensor (electrode) reactor biosensor (FIA systems)... 

The intimate contact described above between the bioelement and the transducer is a fundamental property of membrane biosensors. On the contrary, in continuous flow systems ( reactor biosensors ) the detector is separated from the biorecognition system (see paragraph 5). In practical use, different types of test strips often serve the same purposes as biosensors. This popular technique, also called a dry reagent test system, has a big advantage in its simplicity however, it cannot achieve the accuracy and reliability of biosensors. Dry reagent tests may thus be considered as a base for optoelectronic biosensors [6]. 

The detection methods used include spectrophotometry, chemiluminescence, fluorescence, amperometry, conductometry, thermometry and potentiometry with ion-selective electrodes or gas sensors. We have focused our attention only on the electrochemical detectors. Some examples of applications of reactor biosensors with the specification of enzyme used, reactor type and detection system are summarized in Table 5. 

Table 5. Some examples of applicaton of reactor biosensors...

Suwansa-Ard, S., P. Kanatharana, P. Asawatreratanakul, C. Limsakul, B. Wongkittisuksa, and P. Thavarungkul, 2005. Semi disposable reactor biosensors for detecting carbamate pesticides in water. Biosens. Bioelectron. 21 445-454. 

Figure 5 Five-channel enzyme sensor for the simultaneous determination of glucose, lactate, glutamate, glutamine, and ammonium. MFM, microfiltration module WV, valves P, pumps DC, dialysis cell B, blank reactors MC, reactor D, biosensor flow cell. (Adapted with permission from Ref. 34.)...

Aeromonas, DNA-based biosensor, 3 807 AeroSizer, 78 150—151 Aerosol containers, 7 781-782 Aerosol dispersions, 7 774-775 Aerosol drug dosage forms, 78 717 Aerosol emulsions, 7 773, 774 Aerosol flow reactors, 77 211-212 Aerosol foams, 7 773, 774 Aerosol packaging, 7 771 Aerosol pastes, 7 775 Aerosols, 7 769-787 8 697 economic aspects, 7 786 filling, 7 785-786 formulation, 7 771-780 product concentrate, 7 772-775 propellants, 7 775-781 U.S. production, 1985-2000, 7 770t Aerosol solutions, 7 772-773 Aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES), 24 17, 18... 

In an extensive study, Okamoto and co-workers [76-86] introduced a biochemical switching device based on a cyclic enzyme system in which two enzymes share two cofactors in a cyclic manner. Cyclic enzyme systems have been used as biochemical amplitiers to improve the sensitivity of enzymatic analysis [87-89], and subsequently, this technique was introduced into biosensors [90-93], In addition, cyclic enzyme systems were also widely employed in enzymic reactors, in cases where cofactor regeneration is required [94-107], Using computer simulations, Okamoto and associates [77,80-83] investigated the characteristics of the cyclic enzyme system as a switching device, and their main model characteristics and simulation results are detailed in Table 1.1, as is a similar cyclic enzyme system introduced by Hjelmfelt et al. [109,116], which can be used as a logic element. 

New Challenges for Emulsions Biosensors, Nano-reactors, and Templates... 

To suggest overall implications and/or applications of the current work Present-active The good sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and simplicity of use of the DNA biosensor make it more compatible for integrating with on-chip PCR reactors than other DNA biosensors of which we are aware. (Adapted from Wong and Gooding, 2006)... 

A combination of a biosensor assembly such as that described in the previous paragraph and several enzyme reactors allows simultaneous... 

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