Reactive sodium chloride with amines

Uncrosslinked poly(diffuofophosphazene), (NPP2)n, can be prepared by a similar process (at 350°C) and is also used as a reactive intermediate [20]. The macromolecular substitution reactions are carried out with the reactants in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, benzene, or toluene, with the insolubility of the sodium chloride or amine hydrochloride providing a strong force for driving the reactions to 100% completion. The only serious limits to this process are connected with a... 

The traditional method for transforming carboxylic acids into reactive acylating agents capable of converting alcohols to esters or amines to amides is by formation of the acyl chloride. Molecules devoid of acid-sensitive functional groups can be converted to acyl chlorides with thionyl chloride or phosphorus pentachloride. When milder conditions are necessary, the reaction of the acid or its sodium salt with oxalyl chloride provides the acyl chloride. When a salt is used, the reaction solution remains essentially neutral. 

The presence of three nitro groups on the aromatic ring of picryl chloride makes the chloro group extremely reactive towards nucleophiles. Picryl chloride (87) is hydrolyzed to picric acid (4) in the presence of hot water or aqueous sodium hydroxide. Aminolysis of picryl chloride in the presence of primary and secondary amines is complete in minutes at room temperature. Picryl chloride is therefore a very useful starting material for the synthesis of a range of other picryl derivatives. The reaction of picryl chloride (87) with ammonia can be used to synthesize 2,4,6-trinitroaniline (53) (picramide). Treatment of picryl chloride with alcohols under reflux forms picric acid and the alkyl chloride of the corresponding alcohol, whereas the same reaction in the presence of alkali metal hydroxides, or the alkoxide anion of... 

The reactivity of picryl chloride has been raised by the three activating nitro groups to the level of that of alkyl halides. Linke553 set a long series of aromatic amines aside for 15 hours at 7° in an alcoholic solution of picryl chloride and thereby obtained almost quantitative yields in every case indeed, the reaction of picryl chloride with aniline in ethyl acetate in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate has been used for quantitative determination of that amine.554... 

EXPLOSION and FIRE CONCERNS not combustible flammable by chemical reaction NFPA rating Health 3, Flammability 0, Reactivity 2 contact with water will cause violent spattering and formation of toxic hydrogen chloride gas and phosphoric acid mist elevated temperatures may cause containers to burst pressure will develop in closed containers when exposed to moisture reacts explosively with chlorine dioxide and chlorine, sodium, and urea and heat ignites on contact with fluorine forms explosive products with carbamates and 3 -methyl-2-nitrobenzanilide reacts violently with water, acids, alkalies, alkali metals, alcohols, amines and organic acids incompatible with aluminum chlorine dioxide, chlorine, diphosphorus trioxide, fluorine, hydroxylamine, magnesium oxide, nitrobenzene, sodium, urea, and water hazardous... 

Nitriles are, with few exceptions, not reduced by NaBHa. SulfuratedNaBHa, prepared by the reaction of sodium borohydride with sulfur in THF, is somewhat more reactive than NaBHa, and reduces aromatic nitriles (but not aliphatic ones) to amines in refluxing THF. Further activation has been realized by using the Cobalt Boride system, (NaBHa-CoCD which appears to be one of the best methods for the reduction of nitriles to primary amines. More recently it has been found that Zirconium(IV) Chloride Et2SeBr2, CuSOa, Chlorotrimethylsilane, and l2 are also efficient activators for this transformation. The NaBHa-Et2SeBr2 reagent allows the selective reduction of nitriles in the presence of esters or nitro groups, which are readily reduced by NaBHa-CoCL. 

The use of activated anthranihc acid derivatives facUitates the preparation of the amides in those cases where the amines are either umeactive or difficult to obtain. Thus, reaction of (87-1) with phosgene gives the reactive the isatoic anhydride (89-1). Condensation of that with ortho-toluidine leads to the acylation product (89-2) formed with a simultaneous loss of carbon dioxide. This is then converted to the quinazolone (89-3) by heating with acetic anhydride. Reaction with sodium borohydride in the presence of aluminum chloride selectively reduces the double bond to yield the diuretic agent metolazone (89-4) [99]. 

The alloy-ethyl chloride reaction rate is quite sensitive to alloy composition, the most reactive alloy being the composition NaPb. The alloy becomes less reactive as the composition is raised in sodium, until reaction almost ceases at the composition NasPb2. With such higher sodium alloys, reaction can be obtained with ethyl bromide or iodide, especially in the presence of amine or hydroxyl compounds 289). With the compound composition NagPb4 catalysts such as ketones, esters, or aldehydes allow good reaction with ethyl chloride. 

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