Sulfuric acid reaction with water

Sulfuric acid, 18 N Cautiously add 500 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid to 400 mL of deionized water and dilute to 1 L with deionized water. Note The reaction of concentrated sulfuric acid with water is an extremely exothermic one. Add concentrated sulfuric acid to water in small quantities, with stirring. 

The hexavalent chromium is usually chemically reduced by the addition of sulfur dioxide gas, sodium bisulfite, or sodium metabisulfite. These all form sulfurous acid with water. The undissociated form of sulfurous acid enters into the reduction reaction. Accordingly, the reaction is strongly pH dependent, and is usually carried out at a pH of about 2-3. The pH is controlled by the addition of sulfuric acid. 

ALUM (10043-01-3) Al2(SOj3 Noncombustible solid. Forms sulfuric acid with water. Aqueous solution has a violent reaction with bases, amines, amides, inorganic hydroxides, and many other materials. See also sulfuric acid. Dry material is weakly corrosive to carbon steel aqueous solution attacks aluminum and other metals, forming hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas can accumulate to explosive concentrations within enclosed or confined spaces. 

Forms sulfuric acid with water. Aqueous solution has a violent reaction with bases and many... 

Reaction of pure sulfuric acid with water... 

The reaction of pure sulfuric acid with water is so violent that dilute sulfuric acid should always be prepared by slowly adding the pure acid to water. Under no circumstances should water be added to the pure acid. So much heat would be generated where the two liquids mix that some of the mixture might spit out into your face (Fig. 6.3). 

The chemical reaction of mixing sulfuric acid with water can create a violent reaction, resrdting... 

Reactions and Uses. The common reactions that a-hydroxy acids undergo such as self- or bimolecular esterification to oligomers or cycHc esters, hydrogenation, oxidation, etc, have been discussed in connection with lactic and hydroxyacetic acid. A reaction that is of value for the synthesis of higher aldehydes is decarbonylation under boiling sulfuric acid with loss of water. Since one carbon atom is lost in the process, the series of reactions may be used for stepwise degradation of a carbon chain. 

Manufacture. Ammonium sulfate is produced from the direct neutralization of sulfuric acid with ammonia the heat of reaction is sufficient to evaporate all water if the concentration of the acid is 70% or higher. 

Peracid Processes. Peracids, derived from hydrogen peroxide reaction with the corresponding carboxyUc acids in the presence of sulfuric acid and water, react with propylene in the presence of a chlorinated organic solvent to yield propylene oxide and carboxyUc acid (194—196). 

Tertiary butyl alcohol (900 ml., 702 g., 9.47 moles) is dissolved in a solution prepared by mixing 28 ml. (0.50 mole) of concentrated sulfuric acid with 1.5 1. of water in a 5-1. round-bottomed flask (Note 1) equipped with a thermometer, stirrer, gas inlet tube, and two addition burets. One buret is charged with 86 ml. (1 mole) of 11.6iH hydrogen peroxide (Note 2), and the other with a solution of 278 g. (1 mole) of ferrous sulfate pentahydrate and 55.5 ml. (1 mole) of concentrated sulfuric acid in 570 ml. of water (Note 3). The reaction flask is swept out with nitrogen and cooled to 10° by means of an ice bath. Stirring is commenced and the two solutions are added simultaneously and equivalently over a period of 20 minutes. The temperature is held below 20°. 

When a solution of chromic and sulfuric acids in water is added at 0-20° to an alcohol or formate dissolved in acetone, a rapid oxidation takes place with the separation of the green chromium III reduction product as a separate layer. This system is commonly known as Jones reagent. The rate of oxidation is so fast that it is often possible to run the reaction as a titration to an... 

The water is added in order to hydrolyze the a-bromodimethyl ketals that have been produced during the reaction. The ease of hydrolysis of these bromoketals depends on the structure of the ketone. With aeetylcyclohexane (1-cyclohexylethanone) or acetylcyclopentane, stirring with water for 10 minutes is sufficient for complete hydrolysis. In contrast, with phenylacetone (1-phenylethanone) or methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone), after dilution with water, the addition of 10 equivalents of concentrated sulfuric acid with respect to ketone and stirring for 15 hours at room temperature are necessary for complete hydrolysis. 

Write the balanced chemical equation for (a) the thermal decomposition of potassium chlorate without a catalyst (b) the reaction of bromine with water (c) the reaction between sodium chloride and concentrated sulfuric acid, (d) Identify each reaction as a Bronsted acid—base, Lewis acid—base, or redox reaction. 

In the most common process for making sulfuric acid, sulfur is burned at a very high temperature in dry air to make sulfur dioxide, which is then reacted with more oxygen over a catalyst to make sulfur trioxide. Reaction of sulfur trioxide with water produces sulfuric acid. 

Three major non-polymer propylene derivatives are isopropanol, acetone, and acrylic acid. Isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) is used mainly as a solvent. It has been made from propylene by reaction with sulfuric acid and water for at least the last 75 years, making its manufacture the oldest, still-running commercial organic chemical process. It is used in household rubbing alcohol because, unlike ethanol, it is unfit for human consumption even in small amounts. About 25 % of the isopropanol produced is used for making acetone, in competition with a route based on isopropylbenzene. 

C04-0146. The largest single use of sulfuric acid is for the production of phosphate fertilizers. The acid reacts with calcium phosphate in a 2 1 mole ratio to give calcium sulfate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate. The mixture is crushed and spread on fields, where the salts dissolve in rain water. (Calcium phosphate, commonly found in phosphate rock, is too insoluble to be a direct source of phosphate for plants.) (a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction of sulfuric acid with calcium phosphate, (b) How many kilograms each of sulliiric acid and calcium phosphate are required to produce 50.0 kg of the calcium sulfate-dihydrogen phosphate mixture (c) How many moles of phosphate ion will this mixture provide ... 

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