Reaction with chlorine monoxide

These are in agreement with values of given earlier. 

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DINITROGEN PENTOXIDE 2.5 REACTION WITH CHLORINE MONOXIDE... 

The presence of PSCs also leads to the removal of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) from the gas phase. As long as there are significant amounts of NO2 it will react with chlorine monoxide (CIO) to produce chlorine nitrate (reaction 11). This species subsequently reacts with HQ on PSC surfaces to produce nitric acid (reaction 13), which remains in the condensed phase. Also, nitric acid directly condenses with water to form nitric acid trihydrate particles, hence it is not available to regenerate NO2 by photochemical processes, as it does when it is in the gas phase. 

Reaction with chlorine yields chlorine monoxide, CIO, and in aqueous solution or with chlorine water, the product is hypochlorous acid, HOCl ... 

J. L. Gay Lussac and L. J. Thenard 5 showed in 1811 that if many of the metallic oxides be intimately mixed with carbon the reaction with chlorine proceeds more readily than with the oxide alone the metal chloride and carbon monoxide or dioxide are the products of the reaction. M. le Quesneville and F. Wohler used this process for aluminium chloride, chromic chloride, silicon tetrachloride, etc., and C. Baskerville for thorium tetrachloride. 

Other nitrogen-containing reservoirs CIONO2 and Br0N02 are formed by reactions with chlorine and bromine monoxide, respectively... 

An enormous e-f-fort has been made on -finding new, phosgene—free routes to isocyanates. Phosgene, produced by reaction o-f carbon monoxide with chlorine, is an energy-intensive material, very poisonous and corrosive since it is a hydrolyzable chlorine derivative. One such process involves reductive carbonyl at i on o-f the nitro compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide 2,3,53 ... 

The reactions of chlorine monoxide with thiols or thiolates have not been investigated. 

The stoichiometric relation for the reaction of nitrogen dioxide with chlorine monoxide in the gas phase and in solution is... 

Chlorine heptoxide is more stable than either chlorine monoxide or chlorine dioxide however, the CX C) detonates when heated or subjected to shock. It melts at —91.5°C, bods at 80°C, has a molecular weight of 182.914, a heat of vapori2ation of 34.7 kj/mol (8.29 kcal/mol), and, at 0°C, a vapor pressure of 3.2 kPa (23.7 mm Hg) and a density of 1.86 g/mL (14,15). The infrared spectmm is consistent with the stmcture O CIOCIO (16). Cl O decomposes to chlorine and oxygen at low (0.2—10.7 kPa (1.5—80 mm Hg)) pressures and in a temperature range of 100—120°C (17). It is soluble in ben2ene, slowly attacking the solvent with water to form perchloric acid it also reacts with iodine to form iodine pentoxide and explodes on contact with a flame or by percussion. Reaction with olefins yields the impact-sensitive alkyl perchlorates (18). 

Thermal chlorination of methane was first put on an industrial scale by Hoechst in Germany in 1923. At that time, high pressure methanol synthesis from hydrogen and carbon monoxide provided a new source of methanol for production of methyl chloride by reaction with hydrogen chloride. Prior to 1914 attempts were made to estabHsh an industrial process for methanol by hydrolysis of methyl chloride obtained by chlorinating methane. 

TCCA can also be prepared by reaction of performed or in situ generated HOCl with CA slurry (23). Chlorine monoxide can also be used to prepare TCCA from finely powdered CA (24). 

After a thermal runaway reaction dining chlorination in DMF solution, investigation revealed that saturated solutions of chlorine in DMF are hazardous, and will self-heat and erupt under either adiabatic or non-adiabatic conditions. Principal products are tetramethylformamidinium chloride and carbon dioxide, with dimethylammonium chloride and carbon monoxide in small amounts. A detailed account of the mechanism is to be published. 

In the chloride process, developed in about 1960, the titanium in the ore is converted to titanium(IV) chloride by heating it to 800 °C with chlorine in the presence of carbon, which combines with the released oxygen. The purified chloride is then oxidised to titanium dioxide at 1000 °C and the chlorine formed is recycled. Technical problems arise because the oxidation of titanium(IV) chloride is not sufficiently exothermic to make the reaction self-sustaining but these can be overcome by pre-heating the reactants and by burning carbon monoxide in the reactor to raise the temperature. By careful control of the conditions, it is possible to produce pure rutile particles of a mean size of 200 nm. 

Phosgene, COCI2, is a highly toxic gas that is heavier than air. It can he produced hy reacting carhon monoxide with chlorine in a very slow reaction. 

Butyl h3q)Ochlorite has been prepared by treatment of an alkaline solution of /-butyl alcohol with chlorine, - and a recent warning cautions against allowing the temperature to rise above 20° during this reaction. /-Butyl hypochlorite has been prepared in solution by shaking a solution of the alcohol in carbon tetrachloride, fluorotrichloromethane (Freon 11), and other solvents with aqueous hypochlorous acid. It has also been prepared by the action of chlorine on an aqueous /-butyl alcohol suspension of calcium carbonate, and by the action of chlorine monoxide on a carbon tetrachloride solution of the alcohol. ... 

This set of reactions shows that ultraviolet radiation strikes a CFC molecule removing a chlorine atom. The chlorine atom collides with an ozone molecule and bonds with one of ozone s oxygen atoms. The result is the formation of chlorine monoxide, CIO, and molecular oxygen. Chlorine monoxide is a... 

NaCl + H2C03, followed by acidification with H2.S04 and distillation of the liberated HC10 The acid can also be made by the action of water on chlorine monoxide, C120. This reaction is accompanied by the evolution of 4 kcal of heat per mol... 

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