Reaction and Mechanistic Aspects

Ritleng, V., Sirlin, C. and Pfeffer, M. (2002) Ru-, Rh-, and Pd-catalyzed C-C bond formation involving C—H activation and addition on unsaturated substrates reactions and mechanistic aspects. Chem. Rev., 102, 1731. 

Ruthenium, Rhodium, and Palladium-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Involving C-H Activation and Addition on Unsaturated Substrates Reactions and Mechanistic Aspects ... 

H/D exchange reactions and mechanistic aspects of the hydrogenases 05CCR(249)1677. 

In the first chapter, devoted to thiazole itself, specific emphasis has been given to the structure and mechanistic aspects of the reactivity of the molecule most of the theoretical methods and physical techniques available to date have been applied in the study of thiazole and its derivatives, and the results are discussed in detail The chapter devoted to methods of synthesis is especially detailed and traces the way for the preparation of any monocyclic thiazole derivative. Three chapters concern the non-tautomeric functional derivatives, and two are devoted to amino-, hydroxy- and mercaptothiazoles these chapters constitute the core of the book. All discussion of chemical properties is complemented by tables in which all the known derivatives are inventoried and characterized by their usual physical properties. This information should be of particular value to organic chemists in identifying natural or Synthetic thiazoles. Two brief chapters concern mesoionic thiazoles and selenazoles. Finally, an important chapter is devoted to cyanine dyes derived from thiazolium salts, completing some classical reviews on the subject and discussing recent developments in the studies of the reaction mechanisms involved in their synthesis. 

Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of inorganic insertion reactions. Insertion of carbon monoxide. F. Calderazzo, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1977,16, 299-311 (121). 

Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of the reactions of the alkali-metal derivatives of organotin compounds, RaSnM ("organostannylan-ionoids ) have been reviewed (79, 80). They may be prepared by reactions of the types shown in the following equations. 

The biologically uncommon Ni center associated with FeS clusters is a powerful and unique catalytic unity. In this chapter we have reviewed the structural and mechanistic aspects of three NiFeS centers the active site of hydrogenase and Clusters A and C of CODH/ACS. In the former, the association of a Ni center with the most unusual FeCOCN2 unit is a fascinating one. Model chemists, spectroscopists, and crystallographers have joined efforts to try and elucidate the reaction mechanism. Although a consensus is being slowly reached, the exact roles of the different active site components have not yet been fully established. Ni appears to be the catalytic center proper, whereas the unusual Fe center may be specially suited to bind a by-... 

Because there exist a number of reviews which deals with the structural and mechanistic aspects of high-valent iron-oxo and peroxo complexes [6,7], we focus in this report on the application and catalysis of iron complexes in selected important oxidation reactions. When appropriate we will discuss the involvement and characterization of Fe-oxo intermediates in these reactions. 

Fiirstner A, Majima K, Martin R, Krause H, Kattnig E, Goddard R, Lehmann CW (2008) A cheap metal for a Noble task preparative and mechanistic aspects of cycloisomerization and cycloaddition reactions catalyzed by low-valent iron complexes. J Am Chem Soc 130 1992-2004... 

This section gives a brief summary of the application of recyclable Pd(0) NP-IL catalyst systems in carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions (Table 1.3, Scheme 1.3). More in-depth details and mechanistic aspects can be found in reviews of Pd(0) N P-catalyzed coupling reactions in ILs [129, 139, 140]. 

A discussion of the applicability of the MPT model to a particular electroless system ideally presumes knowledge of the kinetics and mechanisms of the anodic and cathodic partial reactions, and experimental verification of the interdependence or otherwise of these reactions. However, the study of the kinetics, catalysis, and mechanistic aspects of electroless deposition is an involved subject and is discussed separately. 

The synthetic applications 440) and mechanistic aspects 4411 of intermolecular photocycloaddition reactions of arenes to olefins have been reviewed recently. Intramolecular cycloadditions442a,b) have been studied in the context of the photochemical behaviour of bichromophoric molecules, as to investigate interchromophoric interactions in polyfunctional molecules. Three types of addition products can be formed in the photocycloaddition of benzene to an alkene (4.37)441. ... 

There are relatively few entries in the non-fused dioxepin area, and most of these focus on reactions of these systems. For example the triflic acid-initiated polymerisation of 1,3-dioxepane in the presence of acetic acid and hexanedicarboxylic acid has been studied and mechanistic aspects discussed <00JPS(A)1232>. Biodegradable microspheres for the controlled delivery of drugs have been made from copolymers and homopolymer blends of L-lactide and l,5-dioxepan-2-one <00PP1628>. Ring contraction of 5-methylene-l,3-dioxepanes (eg. Ill) on reaction with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate in the presence of base afforded the exo tetrahydropyrans, in good yields <00TL2171>. 

While a number of studies have reported on stereochemical and mechanistic aspects of the carbene addition to unsaturated bonds,1 C-H insertion reactions... 

This theory proves to be remarkably useful in rationalizing the whole set of general rules and mechanistic aspects described in the previous section as characteristic features of the Diels-Alder reaction. The application of perturbation molecular orbital theory as an approximate quantum mechanical method forms the theoretical basis of Fukui s FMO theory. Perturbation theory predicts a net stabilization for the intermolecular interaction between a diene and a dienophile as a consequence of the interaction of an occupied molecular orbital of one reaction partner with an unoccupied molecular orbital of the other reaction partner. 

Obviously, the RDA reaction has the potential needed for a widespread mass spectral fragmentation, and consequently, its analytical and mechanistical aspects have repeatedly been reviewed. [107,109,110]... 

Despite a considerable literature on the various modes of reactions induced by peroxynitrite, the kinetic and mechanistic aspects of these transformations have been clarified only recently (Nonoyama et al. 1999). The authors give the following picture of the peroxynitrite chemical behavior. In alkaline solutions, peroxynitrite is a stable anionic species. At physiological pH, it is rapidly protonated to form peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH) ONOO -I- H ONOOH. 

Photochemical reactions of organic substrates with molecular oxygen have been extensively studied, with respect to both their preparative and mechanistic aspects. This article will be restricted to a certain type of these reactions which we may call type II (direct and indirect) photooxygenation reactions in solution. This classification is based on the following definitions. 

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