Registration Evaluation Authorization and REACH

After a period of consultation on its workability, REACH was published as a proposal for a regulation in October 2003 (CEC, 2003a). It was finally agreed by the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers in December 2006 (Regulation (EC) 1907/2006, Directive 2006/12/lEC) and came into force in June 2007. The components of REACH — registration, evaluation, authorization and restrictions — are outlined below. 

The European system for regulating synthetic chemicals, described in Chapter 5, is predominantly risk-based . This means that restrictions on the manufacture or use of chemicals must be justified by reference to evidence that there is a risk of the chemical causing a specified type of harm. REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of Chemicals) does not define the term risk , but the directive on risk assessment of new substances defined it as the incidence and severity of the adverse effects likely to occur [...] due to actual or predicted exposure to a substance (Article 2 of Directive 93/67/EEC). In the first part of this chapter I look at how risks from chemicals are assessed. What does chemicals risk assessment in practice aim to achieve Can it provide the reliable evidence needed for agreement by all parties on whether or not a chemical poses a risk My answer to this second question is no there are multiple uncertainties in chemicals risk assessment which lead to protracted debates as to whether a chemical poses a risk or not. 

The European Union has been quite visible in recent years with such directives. RoHS (Restriction in the use of Hazardous Substances), WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment), and REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemical substances). RoHS places restrictions on use of lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, and some polybrominated diphenylethers. WEEE targets responsible recycling of electronic equipment. REACH is a new European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use... 

REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (EU legislation). 

The most frequently used BFRs are polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). The use of FRs has been growing rapidly in recent years. BFRs are the most often used FRs, and their market is still growing. However, the estimated annual use of OPFRs in Western Europe was almost twice that of all BFRs combined. Many FRs have been banned for use because of their potential toxicity, environmental occurrence, and accumulation in human tissue. FRs taken off the market are likely to be replaced by others. Although the REACH (registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals) regulatory system has been introduced in Europe to improve protection of human health and the environment, it is still necessary to monitor FRs in environmental samples [84, 88]. 

REACH registration, evaluation, authorization, and restriction of chemi-... 

European commission (2015) REACH - registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals, http //ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/chemicals/reach/index en.htm... 

There are environmental and social compliance elements to which companies must adhere when sourcing certain materials. If left to their own devices, companies may not act in the best interest of the communities they work in or the people they work with, so laws have been enacted to protect people and environments. For example, two European Union regulations outhne requirements for data collection, labeling, and disposal procedures that must be undertaken if certain materials are sourced and used in production. REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) aims to improve the protection of the environment and human health from the risks imposed by chemicals. What REACH does for chemicals is just like what RoHS does for electronics. The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment protects the environment and society from the harmful disposal of electronic equipment or e-waste. 

These data, among many others, are important within REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of CHemicals), the new chemical policy of the European commission, which entered into force in 2007 [128]. An important issue within REACH is how to predict the environmental effects from metal alloys. The general approach so far has been to treat alloys as a mixture of the pure metals that constitute the alloys. Because of the passive behavior of many metals or alloys, but also because of other factors, this turns out to be an erroneous assumption. As an example, the release rates of copper and zinc from a brass (Cu20%Zn) surface exposed to rain water during 2 years of exposure in... 

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