Rayon grafting styrene

The structure of PP-g-polystyrene was studied by wide and narrow angle x-ray diffractometry. The polystyrene component formed discrete amorphous structures, which were identified after chloromethylation [143]. Structure of Rayon-Styrene graft copolymer was characterized by IR, wide angle x-ray, and SEM, grafting occurred mainly in the amorphous regions of rayon [1441. 

The first application of the ferrous ion-hydrogen peroxide initiation for polymerizing vinyl monomers on and into cellulose fibers has been reported by Landeias and Whewell (41) in three successive papers. They are apparently the first who applied the "anchored catalyst technique, which other people have termed "in situ polymerization to cellulose grafting. The authors internally deposited methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, styrene, methyl vinyl ketone and methacrylamide in amounts between 10 and 80%. No attempt had been made to determine if actual grafting had occurred. In 1961 Richards (42) studied this question in great detail. Products obtained by polymerization of acrylonitrile and of styrene in viscose rayon were acetylated. Fractionation of... 

Kargin, Usmanov, and Aikhodzhaev (64) used a similar technique of ozonization to introduce hydroperoxide groups into cellulose substrates. They observed grafting of styrene to ozonized viscose tire cord even without the presence of any other initiating system imparting improved rubber-adhesion to the rayon tire cord. In a later report, Usmanov, Aikhodzhaev, and Azizov (65) described the grafting of acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, methylvinylpyridine, and of vinylacetate onto ozonized cellulose. 

The graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile and of styrene onto regenerated celluloses, such as viscose rayon and cellophane, and onto cellulose acetate has been investigated by Pikler, Suta, and Alfoeldi (68) and by Alfoeldi and Pasteka (69). In both studies the authors used ozonized substrate for initiating the graft copolymerization. 

Company (80). Rayon pretreated with hydrogen peroxide initiated grafting of styrene from an emulsion as reported by Toyo Spinning Company (81). 

Araki et al. (117) have described a so-called dry-state grafting procedure in which the cellulose is boiled with water and then the water is replaced by various alcohols, also by boiling. The cellulose was then dried and grafted with styrene using both mutual and pre-irradiation methods. The treatment was effective with cotton but only to a small extent with rayon fibers. The order of effectiveness of the solvents used was butanol as the most effective and methanol, water, higher alcohols and ketones as considerably less effective. This is a different order from... 

Armstrong, and Rutherford have reported extensive studies on the vapor phase grafting of vinyl monomers to cellulosic fibers both mutual and pre-irradiation methods have been used (97, 120). Again, water or another swelling agent was found to be necessary for effective grafting to rayon and cotton for all the monomers studied. In the case of cellulose acetate water was helpful but not necessary except for styrene. Acetic acid and methanol vapors were also found to be effective promotors of vapor phase grafting to cotton and cellulose acetate fibers. 

The production of aldehyde groups through periodate oxidation and subsequent formation of oxime groups is being used as a basis for an anionic initiation of grafting with titanium chloride as catalyst according to a process claimed by Asahi Chemical Industries Company (135). With this method styrene was grafted onto viscose rayon. Also bi- and tri-valent vanadium salts can be used as initiators. 

Suzuki, I., and S. Ogawa Effect of addition of cations on the simultaneous grafting of styrene to rayon by gamma-irradiation. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 7, 2067 <1963). 

Molecular Weights Styrene to Rayon. Huang) Ref. 25. and Radiation Yields Mutual Method with (G values) Preswelling. for Grafting (Taken from... 

Effect of the Addition of Carbon Tetrachloride to the Styrene Grafting Solution, Preirradiation Method to Rayon Fibers. (Adapted from Min and Inagaki) Ref. 13. 

In Japan, pilot plant quantities of rayon and cotton grafted with styrene and other monomers have been prepared and evaluated. Improvements in the flex abrasion resistance and good water repellency were obtained. In addition, thermoplasticity was imparted plus an improved adhesion to rubber. Arthur et al. have also studied this type of grafted cellulose fibers. Again, the work has not led to any large scale developments. Research into grafting to textiles is continuing, but the prospects for any early successful industrialization seem remote. 

Table 7. Grafting of styrene onto cellulose by mutual irradiation method. (Cellulose High tenacity rayon (P v = 293) Monomer mixture Styr. MeOH H20 = 20 72 8 polymerization = 50 °C in vacuum, 20 hr (2 x 10s rad)]...

Under similar conditions, graft polymerization of a mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile on viscose rayon yields equimolar grafted copolymers and ungrafted copolymers with a radical composition when the monomer charge contains 25 to 70 mole % acrylonitrile. 

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