Rate-of-rise

In addition to the distortions caused by the probes, there were also distortions caused by filtering the signals within the eddy-current test instruments. To achieve the highest possible dynamics with the test instruments, high-pass filters with a high rate of rise, but also a long reverberation time were used. Thus, the recorded C-scan pictures sometimes shows strong echo effects. 

Viscosity can also be determined from the rising rate of an air bubble through a Hquid. This simple technique is widely used for routine viscosity measurements of Newtonian fluids. A bubble tube viscometer consists of a glass tube of a certain size to which Hquid is added until a small air space remains at the top. The tube is then capped. When it is inverted, the air bubble rises through the Hquid. The rise time in seconds may be taken as a measure of viscosity, or an approximate viscosity in mm /s may be calculated from it. In an older method that is commonly used, the rate of rise is matched to that of a member of a series of standards, eg, with that of the Gardner-Holdt bubble tubes. Unfortunately, this technique employs a nonlinear scale of letter designations and may be difficult to interpret. 

The rate of rise of bubbles has been discussed in many papers, including two that present good reviews of the subject [BenfrateUo, Energ Mettr, 30, 80 (1953) Haberman and Morton, Repoit 802 ... 

I In the event of a fault in the d.c. link it will add to the circuit impedance and limit the rate of rise of fault current, since under a transient condition... 

The higher temperature is applicable when the heat rise is very rapid, i.e. if the rate of rise is slow then the explosion will occur at the lower temperature. 

Potential accident scenarios and flood locations were identified from plant drawings and tlic RHR system fault tree that identifies the equipment and support needed for RHR system operation. The equipment location was correlated with flood areas with consideration for plant features which may impede or divert the flow. The flood scenarios identify the effect on systems required to prevent core damage. Quantification accounts for the rate of rise of the flood relative to the critical level in each specific plant area. The time available for any recovery action is calculated from tiic volume and the flow rate. 

The rate of increase of volume per mechanical unit of heat absorbed at constant pressure is equal to the adiabatic rate of rise of temperature with pressure, divided by the absolute temperature. 

Flecainide (Tambocor) and propafenone (Rythmol) are examples of class I-C drags. These drugs have a direct stabilizing action on the myocardium, decreasing the height and rate of rise of cardiac action potentials, thus slowing conduction in all parts of the heart. 

The rate of increase of heat content is also equal, however, to the product of the heat capacity of the element and the rate of rise of temperature. 

Calculate the initial rate of rise of temperature (K/s) of the hydrocarbon as it enters the heat exchanger. The outside film coefficient = 6.0 kW/m2 K. The inside film coefficient h is given by ... 

Action potentials, self-propagating. Action potentials of smooth muscle differ from the typical nerve action potential in at least three ways. First, the depolarization phases of nearly all smooth muscle action potentials are due to an increase in calcium rather than sodium conductance. Consequently, the rates of rise of smooth action potentials are slow, and the durations are long relative to most neural action potentials. Second, smooth muscle action potentials arise from membrane that is autonomously active and tonically modulated by autonomic neurotransmitters. Therefore, conduction velocities and action potential shapes are labile. Finally, smooth muscle action potentials spread along bundles of myocytes which are interconnected in three dimensions. Therefore the actual spatial patterns of spreading of the action potential vary. 

Keeling, C. D., Whorf, T. P., Wahlen, M. and van der Plicht, J. (1995). Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980, Nature 375,666-670. 

In the preseparation chamber, the less dense oil droplets rise, collide, and fuse with adjacent droplets. According to Stoke s law, the larger the diameter of a particle, the faster is its rate of rise. Thus, as small droplets coalesce to form larger droplets, their upward vertical velocity increases. Coalescing tubes or plates are designed to enhance the separation of oil-water emulsions. The emulsion free water is directed away from the tubes or plates and enters the separation section. Some separators are built with an outlet zone for the discharge of clarified water. 

Dust explosions and spontaneous ignition hazards for calcium stearate and related plastics additives are detailed and discussed [1], A maximum pressure increase of 6.6 bar and a maximum rate of rise above 680 bar/s have been recorded [2],... 

Pyrophoricity and detonation behaviour of titanium hydride powders of various particle sizes were studied in comparison with those of titanium metal powders [1]. Maximum dust explosion pressures of 8.2 bar, with a maximum rate of rise of 816 bar/s have been recorded [2]. 

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