RANTES immune response

Eisenstein TK, Hilburger ME (1998) Opioid modulation of immune responses effects on phagocyte and lymphoid cell populations. J Neuroimmunol 83 36-44 El-Hage N, Gurwell JA, Singh IN, Knapp PE, Nath A, Hauser KF (2005) Synergistic increases in intracellular Ca +, and the release of MCP-1, RANTES, and IL-6 by astrocytes treated with opiates and HIV-1 Tat. Gha 50 91-106... 

Oh, Y. K., Park, J. S., Yoon, H., and Kim, C. K. (2003), Enhanced mucosal and systemic immune responses to a vaginal vaccine coadministered with RANTES-expressing plasmid DNA using in situ-gelling mucoadhesive delivery system, Vaccine, 21, 1980-1988. 

Human eosinophils were found to elaborate chemoattractants for lymphocytes (Lim etal., 1994). Eosinophils contained mRNA transcripts for LCF and RANTES detectable by RT-PCR amplification and released bioactive LCF neutralized both by antibodies to LCF and CD4, the LCF receptor on migrating lymphocytes (Lim et al., 1994). In addition, eosinophils released RANTES protein detectable by ELISA and by functional lymphocyte migration assay. Thus, eosinophils are a source of cytokines capable of specificaUy affecting the function of CD4 lymphocytes. The recognition that eosinophils are a source of lymphocyte chemoattractant activity identifies an additional mechanism whereby eosinophils may contribute to lymphocyte responses. Since eosinophils are recruited early in certain allergic inflammatory immune responses, the release of LCF and RANTES by human eosinophils may enable eosinophils to recruit and activate not only other eosinophils but also CD4 lymphocytes (Lim etal., 1994). 

Besides the crucial consequences of regulating homing of T and B cells and dendritic cells, chemokines also influence adoptive immune responses based on their activating effects on APCs and enhancement of T helper cell functions. A number of the CC chemokines, including MIP-la, MIP-1/3, MCP-1, MCP-3, and RANTES, have been shown to act as costimulators of T cells. This is evident from their capacity to augment anti-CD3-stimulated T cell expression of IL-2Ra, IL-2 production, and proliferation (Taub et al.. 

Lillard JW, Boyaka PN,Taub DD et al. RANTES potentiates antigen-specific mucosal immune responses. J Immunol 2001 166 162-169. 

P7-RANTES, another analog directly isolated from the initial RANTES/CCL5 library (Hartley et al., 2003), was encoded as an adjuvant in a DNA vaccine strategy and demonstrated to be capable of enhancing anti-tumor immune responses by increasing levels of local leukocyte recruitment (Dorgham et al., 2008). 

Oki,M.,Ohtani, H., Kinouchi,Y., Sato, E., Nakamura, S., Matsumoto, T., Nagura, H., Yoshie, O., and Shimosegawa, T. (2005) Accmnulation of CCR5 - - T cells around RANTES - - granulomas in Crohn s disease a pivotal site of Thl-shifted immune response Laboratory Investigation A Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology, 85, 137-145. 

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