Random switching

When hok was placed under the invertible fimA promoter (which randomly switches to constitutive expression by virtue of the fimB and fimE regulators) a stochastic killing was observed, and the population of viable cells in the culture slowly decreased. Unfortunately, the fimA promoter only works in E. coli, and therefore would be of little utility in actual bioremediation scenarios. 

For the purely classical simulations, the photodissociation process was started by randomly switching the diatom from the ground state to a repulsive excited state while adjusting the vibrational kinetic energy to give the desired excitation energy. After photodissociation, up to 20 ps of dynamics were run. Alimi et al. found that the fragments were essentially thermalized after this time. 

Kluznik JC et al. (2001). Clinical effects of a randomized switch of patients from Clozaril to generic clozapine. / Clin Psychiatry 62 (Suppl 5) 14-17. 

The design in this case-study prototype device remains an issue for the reversible motion of the liquid. This case-study prototype device could be effectively used for the one shot of liquid in both single-output and multi-output modes on demand. For continuous random switch function, another problem appears if we turn on microchannel X first and desire to next turn on only microchannel Y where X>T. In this continuous switch function, the microchaimel X -f 1) will be also turned on in this case-study prototype device. Anyway, above issues could be resolved via the two-way bubble actuator design [18, 19], which could make the fluid flow backward in the unwanted microchannel. In addition, this microfluidic switch has the potential to be integrated into a wider fluidic network system with stop valves or microflow discretizers which could be used for separation of liquid segments from a continuous source. 

Marsan, M. A., G. Balbo, G. Chiola, and (1987). Generalized stochastic petri revisited Random switches and priorities. Workshop on Petri Nets and PerformanceModels, 44-53. 

Figure 6.68 This is the probability of obtaining an inverter based on random switch states generated for the NanoCell displayed in Figure 6.67. The node probability is varied from 0 to 1, and the center of the edge distribution is varied from 0 to 9. One hundred random NanoCells are generated at each combination and tested to determine inverter functionality. For these results, the edges are assumed to be undirected.

Fig. 3.1 Simulation of the random switching of a molecule between two states A (0) and B (1)...

The behavior of the generalized two-state model is studied by the simulation computer experiment described in the caption of Fig. 3.4. The method used for obtaining the behavior of a cell on the basis of the properties of the chemical system in a cell is essentially the same as developed earlier (Svetina, 1981). The computer simulation, run for a time interval much longer than the characteristic times of the system, shows that there are actually no real steady states. The system randomly switches in between a high level state P and a low level state P. It is important that... 

Although 0-switching produces shortened pulses, typically 10-200 ns long, if we require pulses in the picosecond (10 s) or femtosecond (10 s) range the technique of mode locking may be used. This technique is applicable only to multimode operation of a laser and involves exciting many axial cavity modes but with the correct amplitude and phase relationship. The amplitudes and phases of the various modes are normally quite random. 

The fault tree (Figure 7.4-1) has "Pre.ssure Tank Rupture" as the top event (gate G1). This may result from random failure of the tank under load (BEl), OR the gate G2, "Tank ruptures due to overpressure" which is made of BE6 "Relief valve fails to open" AND G3, "Pump motor operates too long." This is made of BE2, "Timer contacts fail to open," AND G4, "Negative feedback loop inactive" which is composed of BE3, "Pressure gauge stuck," OR BE4, "Operator fails to open switch," OR "BE5, "Switch fails to open,"... 

In summary, pure liquid water consists of HgO molecules held in a random, three-dimensional network that has a local preference for tetrahedral geometry but contains a large number of strained or broken hydrogen bonds. The presence of strain creates a kinetic situation in which HgO molecules can switch H-bond allegiances fluidity ensues. 

In the mid-1950s, alumina-silica catalysts, containing 25 percent alumina, came into use because of their higher stability. These synthetic catalysts were amorphous their structure consisted of a random array of silica and alumina, tetrahedrally connected. Some minor improvements in yields and selectivity were achieved by switching to catalysts such as magnesia-silica and alumina-zirconia-silica. 

This model was first introduced by Kauffman [kauff69] in a study of cellular differentiation in a biological system (binary sites were interpreted as elements of an ensemble of genes switching on and off according to some set of random rules). Since its original conception, however, related models have found wide application in an... 

Even if the peak behavior fits well for a given apparent desorption order, the real kinetic situation may be a different one. As a rate controlling step in a second-order desorption, random recombination of two particles is assumed most frequently. However, should the desorption proceed via a nonrandom recombination of neighboring particle pairs into an ordered structure, the resulting apparent first-order desorption kinetics is claimed to be possible (36). The term pseudo-first-order kinetics is used in this instance. Vice versa, second-order kinetics of desorption can appear for a nondissociative adsorption, if the existence of a dimer complex is necessary before the actual desorption step can take place (99). A possibility of switching between the apparent second-order and first-order kinetics by changing the surface coverage has also been claimed (60, 99, 100). 

The sample is then isolated from the helium bath, usually by disengaging a mechanical thermal switch. After this thermal isolation of the sample, the magnetic field is removed, and the magnetic moments of the electrons resume a random arrangement. During the randomization process, the electronic system... 

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