Raman microscopy applications

For wider discussions of inorganic pigments, see R.J.H. Clark (1995) Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 24, p. 187 - Raman microscopy Application to the identification of pigments on medieval manuscripts R.J.H. Clark and P.J. Gibbs (1997) Chemical Communications, p. 1003 - Identification of leadfll) sulfide and pararealgar on a 13 th century manuscript by Raman microscopy . 

RJH Clark. Raman microscopy Applications to the identification of pigments on mediaeval manuscripts. Chem Soc Rev 187-195, 1995. 

Figure 9 Raman spectra of the historiated letter T from the Book of Genesis, Lucka Bible, from which the data and identification of the mineral pigments in Table 9 have been derived. Reproduced with permission of Clark RJH, Raman microscopy application to the identification of pigments on medieval manuscripts. Chemical Reviews, 187-196 1995, The Royal Society of Chemistry.

C. Amatore, F. Bonhomme, J.L. Bruneel, L. Servant, L. Thouin. Mapping dynamic concentration profiles with micrometric resolution near an active microscopic surface by confocal resonance Raman microscopy. Application to diffusion near ultramicroelectrodes First direct evidence for a conproportionation reaction. J Electroanal Chem. 484 1 (2000). 

Turrell G and Corset J (eds) 1996 Raman Microscopy Developments and Applications (New York Academic)... 

Raman microscopy has been used for analysis of very small samples or small heterogeneities in larger samples. Recent developments and applications of this technique have been reviewed by Turrell and Corset (1996), including a discussion of the coupling of Raman microscopy with electron, ion and x-ray microscopies, and these authors give a description of a number of prototype instruments with this facility. 

Turrell, G. Corset, J. (1996) Raman Microscopy Developments and Applications, Academic Press, London. 

Infrared and ultraviolet probes for surface analysis are then considered.The applications of IR spectroscopy and Raman microscopy are discussed, and a brief account is also given of laser-microprobe mass spectrometry (LAMMA). 

G. Turrell, M. Delhaye and P. Dhamelincourt, In G. Turrell and J. Corset (Eds.), Raman Microscopy-Developments and Applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1996, pp. 27-49. 

Petrov, G. L, and Yakovlev, V. V. 2005. Enhancing red-shifted white-light continuum generation in optical fibers for applications in nonhnear Raman microscopy. Opt. Express 13 1299-1306. 

G. Turrell, J. Corset, Raman Microscopy Development and Applications (Academic Press, San Diego, 1996)... 

Raman Microscopy and Imaging Applications to Skin Pharmacology and Wound Healing... 

Infrared microscopic imaging provides the significant advantages of direct spatially resolved concentration and molecular structure information for sample constituents. Raman microscopy (not further discussed in this chapter) possesses the additional benefit of confocal acquisition of this information and a 10-fold increase in spatial resolution at the expense of reduced signal-to-noise ratios compared with IR. The interested reader is urged to check the seminal studies of the Puppels group in Rotterdam,38 0 as well as our own initial efforts in this direction.41 The current section describes the initial applications of IR microspectroscopic imaging to monitor the permeation and tissue distribution of the dermal penetration enhancer, DMSO, in porcine skin as well as to track the extent of permeation of phospholipid vesicles. 

Thus far, we have reviewed basic theories and experimental techniques of Raman spectroscopy. In this chapter we shall discuss the principles, experimental design and typical applications of Raman spectroscopy that require special treatments. These include high pressure Raman spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Raman spectroelectro-chemistry, time-resolved Raman spectroscopy, matrix-isolation Raman spectroscopy, two-dimensional correlation Raman spectroscopy, Raman imaging spectrometry and non-linear Raman spectroscopy. The applications of Raman spectroscopy discussed in this chapter are brief in nature and are shown to illustrate the various techniques. Later chapters are devoted to a more extensive discussion of Raman applications to indicate the breadth and usefulness of the Raman technique. 

Refs. [i] Minsky M (1988) Scanning 10 128 [ii] Wilson T, Sheppard CJR (1984) Scanning optical microscopy Academic Press, London [Hi] Corle TG, Kino GS (1996) Confocal scanning optical microscopy and related techniques. Academic Press, New York [iv] Delhaye M, Barbil-lat J, Aubard J, Bridoux M, Da Silva E (1996) Instrumentation. In Rur-rell G, Corset J (eds) Raman microscopy developments and applications. Academic Press, San Diego [v] Ren B, Lin XF, Jiang YX, Cao PG, Xie Y, Huang QJ, Tian ZQ (2003) Appl Spectrosc 57 419... 

Microscopy in the infrared range is a rapidly developing technique which has many applications. In combination with Raman microscopy, it is used in micro technology, biology and medicine, and in product and environmental control (Sec. 3.5.3.3). 

Instead of SNOM, in many cases, particularly if the sample is to be screened for Raman active spots and their spatial distance is more than half of the wavelength of the laser, it is also confocal Raman microscopy that delivers enough morphological and spectral information on both nanoparticle structure and SERS activity, respectively. Thus, confocal Raman microscopy is interesting for a wide variety of applications in biology, medicine, and technological materials research. 

---