RAM jet

Other Uses of Nitric Acid. As mentioned earlier, fuming nitric acid (FNA) when mixed with ale, toluene or acet anhydr will cause an expln. However, there are many other uses for FNA in energetic materials technology. As either red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) or as nitrogen tetrox-ide, it is used extensively as the oxidizer in pro-pint systemsnfor ram-jets, jet motors, space rockets and other missiles (Refs 37, 38 39). See also under Liquid Propellants in Vol 7, L24-Rff... 

Igniter for Rocket Motor. An explosive item designated to ignite the propelling charge in a rocket motor (Ref 40a, p 90). See also Igniter, Ram-Jet Engine in Section 3, Part C, Fig 29... 

A similar device, the Ram-Jet Engine Igniter M132 (T123) (90 sec) (formerly FLARE, Igniting M132), is described on pp 122-23,... 

Dibutyl Magnesium, MgCCt. Ct. CI. CHj mw 138.54 clear, dk-amber liq a 20% soln in toluene ignites on contact with red fuming HNO3 was prepd by pptn of Mg chloride from butyl Mg chloride in ether soln with dioxans. This compd was prepd for evaluation as a fuel, or fuel additive in ram jets rockets Ref I.J. Schaffner P.O. Tawney, US Rubber Co March Summary Rept (1948), p 2 (Contract Nord 10129)... 

Powdered metal flames have been extensively studied at Temple University. Conway and Grosse (20G) report the development of a torch using powdered metal as a fuel. A history of past work in this field is included. For successful results powders less than 200-mesh must be used. Branstetter, Lord, and Gerstein (16G) have used metal fuels, both powders and wire, in a 2-inch-diameter ram-jet-type combustor. 

NASP was to be used as an experimental vehicle to test high-risk technologies for Reagan s Strategic Defense Initiative, but also to ferry men and equipment to future space stations more economically than could be done with the Space Shuttle. It would take off like a conventional airplane. Hydrogen-fueled, air-breathing scramjet (supersonic combustion ram jet) engines would push it at speeds of up to Mach 25 to the almost-vac-uum of near space, where rocket power would provide the final push needed to reach a space station. 

Figure 5.6 Some of the most beneficial research with physical models has been accomplished with wind tunnels. Here a ram jet model is being studied in a 10 ft. X 10 ft. test section. (Courtesy of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.)...

The first commercial supersonic transport, the Concorde, operates on Jet A1 kerosene but produces unacceptable noise and exhaust emissions. Moreover, it is limited in capacity to 100 passengers and to about 3000 miles in range. At supersonic speed of Mach 2, the surfaces of the aircraft are heated by ram air. These surfaces can raise the temperature of fuel held in the tanks to 80 °C. Since fuel is the coolant for airframe and engine subsystems, fuel to the engine can reach 150°C (26). An HSCT operated at Mach 3 would place much greater thermal stress on fuel. To minimize the formation of thermal oxidation deposits, it is likely that fuel deflvered to the HSCT would have to be deoxygenated. 

Viscous Drag Jet (Ejector-boosted) Gas Lift Hydraulic Ram Electromagnetic Screw Centrifugal Rotating Casing (Pitot)... 

The jet of a sodium press became blocked during use, and the ram was tightened to free it. It suddenly cleared and a piece of sodium wire was extruded, piercing a finger, which had to be amputated because of severe necrosis. Sodium in a blocked die should be dissolved out in a dry alcohol. 

If, in a continuous flow jet, only the compression resulting from ram effect in the inlet diffuser is utilized, the compression and expansion machinery is eliminated, and the turbojet becomes a ramjet... 

In addition to the gravitation of Earth a rocket launched from earth must also overcome the air resistance of the atmosphere, which means that the rocket equation for such cases is only an approximation. Planes, RAM and SCRAM jets which are propelled by jet engines, transport their fuel with them, but they also suck air in and use the oxygen from the air for the combustion of the fuel. They only carry the fuel but not the oxidizer with them. The rocket equation is not valid for such vehicles, which are referred to as air-breathing engines. 

The jet of a sodium press became blocked during use, and the ram was tightened... 

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