Raleigh model

Results have been expressed in a number of ways. In the Raleigh model that has been extensively used, the fractionation factor a is given by R/Rq = when the fraction of remaining substrate is/and where R is the isotopic composition of the substrate during degradation and Rq is the initial value. The enrichment factor e where e = 1000 (a - 1) has also been used. There are certain conditions that must be fulfilled for the Raleigh model to be applicable ... 

A methanogenic enrichment culture was used to determine 8 C emichment factors during the dechlorination of TCE, ci -l,2-dichloroethene (cw-DCE), and chloroethene (VC) (Bloom et al. 2000). Using the Raleigh model, enrichment factors (e) were 6.6 and... 

FIG. 4 Induced potential drop S0(x) in the Raleigh model of the ionic distribution, k = 0.2 (curve 1), 0.33 (curve 2), and 0.4 (curve 3). Gray area shows the Raleigh distribution of the induced charge with a = 0.3 nm and /c = 0.33 (see text) which corresponds to curve 2. The total induced charge is normalized... 

Law J Microbiology Path Parasito, Raleigh, NC Continued development of the isolated skin flap model for study of the transport and biotransformation processes of toxic substances and drugs through the skin U. S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research... 

Variwave model 1500, LamdaTechnologies, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. 

F. Muhammad and J. E. Riviere. In vivo models. In J. E. Riviere (ed.), Dermal Absorption in Toxicology and Pharmacology, CRC Press, Taylor Francis Group, Raleigh, North Carolina, 2006, pp. 49-70. 

Raleigh, M.J., Brammer, G.L., and McGuite, M.T. (1983) Male dominance, serotonergic systems, and the behavioral and physiological effects of drugs in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aeth-iops sabaeus). In Miczek, K., ed. Ethopharmacology Primate Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. New York Alan R. Liss,... 

Hearne, F.T., Grose, F., Pifer, J.W., Friedlander, B.R. Raleigh, R.L. (1987) Methylene chloride mortality study dose-response characterization and animal model comparison. J. occup. Med., 29, 217-228... 

Hill, R. B., Raleigh, D. P., Lombardi, A., and Degrado, N. F. (2000). De novo design of helical bundles as models for understanding protein folding and function. Acc. 

Raleigh JA, Blackburn BJ (1978) Substrate conformation in 5 -AMP-utilizing enzymes 8,5 -cyclo-adenosine 5 -monophosphate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 83 1061-1066 Raleigh JA, Fuciarelli AF (1985) Distribution of damage in irradiated 5 -AMP 8,5 -cyclo-AMP, 8-hy-droxy-AMP, and adenine release. Radiat Res 102 165-175 Raleigh JA, Whitehouse R, Kremers W (1974) Effect of oxygen and nitroaromatic cell radiosensitizers on radiation-induced phosphate release from 3 - and 5 -nucleotides A model for nucleic adds. Radiat Res 59 453-465... 

Munoz-Carpena, R. (1993). Modeling hydrology and sediment transport in vegetative filter strips. Ph.D. Dissertation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 242 pp. 

Castellan, A., Colombo, N., Fomier de Violet, Nourmamode, A., and bouas-Laurent, H., "Photodegradation of Lignin A Photochemical Study of Bleached CTMP and Lignin Model Molecules", Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium of Woos and Pulping Chemistry, Raleigh, N.C., 1989, p.421-. 

Davidian, M. Gallant, A.R. The non-linear mixed effects model with a smooth random effects density. In Institute of Statistics Mimeo Series No. 2206 North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC, 1992. 

Price AC. Validation of aerosol deposition models for pharmaceutical purposes the way forward. In Dalhy RN, Byron PR, Farr SJ, Peart J, eds. Respiratory Drug Delivery VII, Raleigh NC Serentec Press, 2000 197-208. 

J Ralph. The Reactivity of Lignin (Model) Quinone Methides. Proc Int Symp Wood Pulp Chem, Raleigh, NC, May 22-25, 1989, p. 61. 

Loss of Flavor Compounds in Model Systems. Preliminary work conducted in our laboratory showed sorption of aldehydes by LDPE used in aseptic packages (Hansen, A. P. Arora, D. K., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, unpublished data). The sorption rate was related to concentration of aldehydes and to time, as both parameters increased so did the amount of flavor compounds sorbed into the film. 

A second mechanism, the possible interaction of aldehydes with amino acids or peptides forming Schiff base reaction products, was also studied. Initial results (Hansen, A. P. Heinis J. J., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, unpublished data) showed a decrease in the aldehyde concentration when model systems containing various aldehydes and amino acids were heat processed. Losses ranging from 8 to 50% of various aldehydes have been observed in the pasteurization of aldehydes and amino acids mixtures in simulated milk ultrafiltrate. 

On the basis of the Raleigh equation von Weber [138] developed a diagram from which the concentration of the liquid in the still pot after distilling a charge B down to a residue B-, can be read off for ideal mixtures if x is known. A method of calculating the stepwise countercurrent distillation of ternary systems was evolved by Vogel-pohl [139]. A mathematical model was constructed by Domenech et al. [139a]. A... 

Stachlewitz RF, Arteel GE, Raleigh JA, Connor HD, Mason RP, Thurman RG (1997) Development and characterization of a new model of tacrine-induced hepatotoxicity role of the sympathetic nervous system and hypoxia-reoxygenation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther... 

Vugmeyster L, Raleigh DP, Palmer AGr, Vugmeister BE (2003) Beyond the decoupling approximation in the model free approach for the interpretation of NMR relaxation of macromolecules in solution. J Am Chem Soc 125 8400-8404... 

Models have been developed on ion formation in ESI, but there is still no consensus on the mechanism by which sample ions are obtained for mass spectrometric analysis. These models rely on the existence of preformed ions in solution i.e., the ions observed in the mass spectra were presumed to be present originally as ionized molecules in solution. According to the charged residue model of Dole et al., the evaporation of solvent from a charged droplet increases the surface field xmfil the Raleigh limit is reached ... 

Gupta S., Bruniaux R, Koncar V. (2006), Adaptive model of the human body a new tool for fashion designers , 8th International Foundation of Fashion Technology Institutes Conference (IFFTT) Fashion in the Digital Age, Raleigh, USA, 20-22 June. 

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