Radionuclide fallout

PiTKEviCH VA, Duba W, Ivanov VK, Chekin CYU, Tsyb AF, Vakulovshi CM, Shershakov VM, Makhon ko KO, Golubenkov AV, Borodin RV and Koykh VS (1996) Reconstruction of the composition of the Chernobyl radionuclide fallout and external radiation absorbed doses to the population in areas of Russia. Radiat Prot Dosim 64 69-92. 

An interesting aspect of the characterization of plutonium as Pu(V) in the Irish Sea, Lake Michigan, and Pond 3513 is that the origins of the radionuclides are different in each system, i.e., fuel reprocessing waste, fallout, and laboratory effluents, respectively. 

Santschi PH, Li YH, Adler DM, Amdurer M, Bell J, Nyffeler UP (1983) The relative mobility of natural (Th, Pb and Po) and fallout (Pu, Am, Cs) radionuclides in the coastal marine-enviromnent - results from model-ecosystems (MERL) and Narragansett Bay. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47 201-210... 

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI 1981) conducted a survey of transuranic radionuclides in the terrestrial environs of nuclear power plants in the United States in 1978-1979. The plants included two pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and two BWRs that were of modem design and had been in operation at least 3 years. The 241 Am air concentrations around all of the power plants were extremely low and indistinguishable from fallout background... 

Using transfer factors derived for uptake into plants and animals, Friberg and Vesanen (1999) have listed critical activity levels for americium and other nuclides deposited on soil and pasture vegetation from a nuclear accident required to exceed the action level for foodstuffs recommended by the IAEA. Experiments have been conducted to assess uptake of241 Am and other radionuclides from fallout or nuclear facilities in plants. 

Askbrant S, Melin J, Sandalls J, et al. 1996. Mobility of radionuclides in undisturbed and cultivated soils in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia six years after the Chernobyl fallout. J Environ Radioact 31(3) 287-312. 

Carpenter R, Beasley TM, Zahnle D, et al. 1987. Cycling of fallout (Pu,241 Am, 137Cs) and natural (U, Th, 210Pb) radionuclides in Washington continental slope sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51 1897-1921. 

Bourdeau, P., Cavalloro, R., Myttenaere, C. and Verfailue, G. (1965). Movement of fallout radionuclides in irrigated ecosystems of the Po Valley, Italy, Health Phys. 11, 1429. 

Potter, G. D., McIntyre, D. R. and Pomeroy, D. (1967). Transport of fallout radionuclides in the grass-to-milk food chain studied with a germanium lithium-drifted detector, page 597 in Symposium on Radioecology, USAEC Report No. CONF-670503, Nelson, D. J. and Evans, F. C., Eds. (National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia). 

Verfaillie, G., Myttenaere, C. and Bordeau, P. (1967). Factors involved in the accumulation of fallout radionuclides in irrigated rice and meadow plants, page 429 in Radioecological Concentration Processes, Aberg, B. and Hungate, F. P., Eds. (Pergamon Press, London). 

SEAWATER Major fallout radionuclides in surface seawater, typical concentrations ... 

Crustaceans, marine fallout radionuclides, typical values ... 

Micropterus salmoides, South Carolina, muscle, 5 lakes May-June 1993, 137Cs Marine fishes, whole body, fallout radionuclides, typical values 109-4607 DW 60... 

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