Radioactivity radioactive iodine

In a classic expenment Edward Hughes (a colleague of Ingold s at University College Lon don) studied the rate of racemization of 2 lodooctane by sodium iodide in acetone and compared It with the rate of incorporation of radioactive iodine into 2 lodooctane... 

If the spent fuel is processed in a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, the radioactive iodine species (elemental iodine and methyl iodide) trapped in the spent fuel elements ate ultimately released into dissolver off gases. The radioactive iodine may then be captured by chemisorption on molecular sieve 2eohtes containing silver (89). 

Antithyroid drugp or thyroid antagonists are used to treat hyperthyroidism. In addition to the antithyroid drugs, hyperthyroidism may be treated by the administration of strong iodine solutions, use of radioactive iodine (131I), or by surgical removal of some or almost all of the tiiyroid gland (subtotal thyroidectomy). 

Strong iodide solutions act by decreasing the vascularity of the thyroid gland by rapidly inhibiting the release of the thyroid hormones. Radioactive iodine is distributed within the cellular fluid and excreted. The radioactive isotope accumulates in the cells of the tiiyroid gland, where destruction of tiiyroid cells occurs without damaging other cells throughout the body. 

Radioactive iodine is given by tlie primary health care provider, orally as a single dose The effects of iodides are evident within 24 hours, with maximum effects attained after 10 to 15 days of continuous therapy. If the patient is hospitalized, radiation safety precautions identified by the hospital s department of nuclear medicine are followed. 

Mr. Conrad will receive a dose of radioactive iodine from the primary health care provider. Discuss how you would prepare Mr. Conrad before the drug is administered. In preparation for dismissal, analyze the most important points to stress to Mr. Conrad about radioactive iodine... 

Which of the following statements made by a patient would indicate to die nurse that die patient is experiencing an adverse reaction to radioactive iodine ... 

Th Toid cancers are often treated with radioactive iodine because the thyroid gland preferentially absorbs iodine. 

C15-0067. Radioactive iodine ( I) is used frequently in biological studies. A radiation biologist studies... 

The nuclear explosions that devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki killed 100,000 to 200,000 people instantaneously. Probably an equal number died later, victims of the radiation released in those explosions. Millions of people were exposed to the radioactivity released by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The full health effects of that accident may never be known, but 31 people died of radiation sickness within a few weeks of the accident, and more than 2000 people have developed thyroid cancer through exposure to radioactive iodine released in the accident. Even low levels of radiation can cause health problems. For this reason, workers in facilities that use radioisotopes monitor their exposure to radiation continually, and they must be rotated to other duties if their total exposure exceeds prescribed levels. 

C22-0028. Describe how radioactive iodine ( I) could be used to determine how rapidly each of the... 

Discuss the pharmacotherapy of Graves disease, including the advantages and disadvantages of antithyroid drugs versus radioactive iodine, adverse effects, and patient monitoring. 

Excess production of thyroid hormone can be reduced in four ways iodides, antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, and... 

Antithyroid drugs are used as primary therapy for Graves disease or as preparative therapy before surgery or radioactive iodine administration. The decision to use antithyroid drugs as... 

Remission of Graves disease occurs in 40% to 60% of patients after 1 to 2 years of therapy. Levels of TSHR-SAb after a course of treatment may have predictive value in that antibodypositive patients almost always will relapse. However, antibodynegative patients also may relapse after therapy is stopped. Antithyroid therapy may be stopped or tapered after 12 to 24 months. Relapse usually occurs in the first 3 to 6 months after stopping antithyroid therapy. About 75% of women in remission who become pregnant will have a postpartum relapse. When therapy is discontinued, a therapeutic strategy should be in place in the event of relapse. Many patients will opt for radioactive iodine as a long-term solution. 

In patients with excess thyroid hormone production, reduce hormone production with an antithyroid drug and/or radioactive iodine. Choose therapy based on patient-specific factors and preference. 

If radioactive iodine is given, make sure that antithyroid drugs are stopped 4 to 6 days prior to treatment. 

Several months after radioactive iodine, expect that the patient will require permanent LT4 replacement. 

In the hyperthyroid patient, relieving signs and symptoms and achieving a euthyroid state are the desired outcomes. The method of achieving these outcomes may change over time with the use of antithyroid drugs versus radioactive iodine. 

Patients who receive radioactive iodine must be monitored for the development of hypothyroidism. 

This hot antibody is linked to radioactive iodine and binds to the CD20 receptor present on B lymphocytes (see Rituximab above). Tositumomab has shown activity in non-Hodgkin s lymphoma. Hematologic toxicity occurs several weeks after administration and may persist for months. Since radioactive iodine may have adverse effects on the thyroid, all patients must receive thyroid-blocking agents. 

Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) Red blood cell (RBC) count (blood) Less than 6% in 2 hours ... 

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