Radiation reflection property

For the analysis of clear organic coatings, in particular on metal, placing the SI analyser in a position where it records the specularly reflected radiation - attenuated by two transmissions through the material to be analysed - is preferable. As the metal under the coating acts as mirror reflector, such systems have high reliability and low maintenance requirements, provided the reflection properties of the coated metal remain reasonably constant. 

The presence of clouds in the troposphere modifies somewhat the radiation field in the stratosphere (Lacis and Hansen, 1974) by altering the albedo and introducing a highly scattering medium. Because the reflectance properties of clouds vary considerably with cloud type, numerical models dealing with this problem have to define statistical properties of the cloud distribution. 

Two layers were used in this example (more layers can be used as discussed in the invention). The bottom reflecting layer s properties determine performance of the laminate in terms of back surface temperature and solar radiation reflectance. Also, the ratio of thickness of both layers affects properties. 

The band distortions are explained by the redistribution of contributions of the vertical and lateral components of the mode in the p-polarized spectrum as either the real or imaginary part of the refractive index of the substrate is changed. In spite of this, however, the SSR for dielectrics (Sections 3.3.2 and 3.11.4) is independent of the optical properties of the substrate. The phenomenon outlined above can also be considered from the viewpoint of geometric optics, rather than invoking the complex origin of the absorption bands in the p-polarized spectra (Section 3.2). The intensity of the radiation reflected from the film-substrate system can be represented as the sum of the intensities of the radiation reflected from the front fihn-snbstrate interface, 7i, and the radiation multiply reflected in and emerging from the film, I (see Fig. 1.12). Clearly, in IRRAS, the... 

In the previous chapter we studied surface waves on passive structures as for example finite FSSs. They were excited by an incident plane wave. We observed that a finite FSS in addition to the Floquet currents excited directly by the incident plane wave conld also snpport surface waves. These would radiate and thereby lead to an increase in the scattered field that is, the RCS could be larger than expected. The scattered field associated with the surface waves could be significantly rednced by resistively loading one or more columns at the edges of the finite FSS. This approach would leave the Floquet currents in the rest of the FSS unaffected that is, the transmission and reflection properties of the FSS were basically left intact. 

Mirrors were for many years primarily aluminum-coated glass. Recently, however, coatings of magnesium fluoride or silica onto aluminum have increased their durability and lasting reflectance properties. All reflectors deteriorate with time, atmospheric attack and radiation damage. 

Although elucidation of ion production is possibly the most controversial and elusive area of LDI mass spectrometry, the mechanism can be subdivided into absorption, retention, radiation coupling and transfer, desorption, and ionization reactions. Optical properties (TJV-absorption, anti-reflective properties) as well as thermal conductivity are very important features to take into account for the design and synthesis of efficient LDI surfaces displaying high surface area/volume ratios. It was reported that pore size and depth, surface porosity and roughness, could affect LDI efficiencies (Wei etal. 1999 Shen et al. 2001 Lewis etal. 2003 Shenar etal. 2008 Xiao etal. 2009 Piretetal. 2010, 2012 Chen et al. 2011 Dupre et al. 2012). 

In practical cases, Kubelka-Munk, 1/T, absorbance ratios, derivatives, and other transforms have been applied to data with scattering properties. Continued research on the interaction of radiation reflected from different types of solid surfaces would be extremely useful. A summary of the measurement characteristics and their effects on reflected energy from solid surfaces is delineated in Table 1. 

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