R D project

Each factor is evaluated on the basis of a score of 0—10. A total score of 80 points or higher statistically has resulted in eight or nine successes out of ten instances. Below 80 points, the success-to-failure ratio for new development drops off sharply. Such analyses can be made not only initially but periodically during an R D project and as the business develops. 

Fiksel, J. et al., 1982, Development, Application and Evaluation of a Value-Impact Methodology for Prioritization of Reactor Safety R D Projects, EPRI NP-2530, August. 

Esko Tahti is Managing Director of Suonien 7 alotek-niikan Kehiiyskeskiis Oy (TAKE, Finnish Development Centre for Building Services, Ltd.). The company is owned by Finnish associations and companies in the business area of building services. The company is established to accomplish R. D projects in the field of building services. 

Brighton, 20th-22nd April 1999, p. 123-31 OPTIONS FOR PVC FEEDSTOCK RECYCLING RESULTS OF THE ECVM R D PROJECT ON PVC FEEDSTOCK RECYCLING PROCESSES Buehl R... 

Formulation of specific R D project plans, including choice of screening sequence... 

Below, we focus on aids to R D project planning and process improvement, exploring the extent to which IT really can help managers to be more effective in decision making through simulation that fosters the ability to... 

This work was supported by General Motors R D Center, the Hydrogen Energy R D Center, National Research Laboratory, the Brain Korea 21 Project, National R D Project for Nano Science and Technology. 

Acknowledgments. Our work described here has been supported by the Creative Research Initiatives Program and International Joint R D Projects of the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology, and in part by the Bain Korea 21 Program of the Korean Ministry of Education. We also thank Dr. S. Samal for helpful discussions in preparing the manuscript. 

The Greek and Dutch governments have a framework of bilateral collaboration in the field of environmental protection. One result of this has been that clean technology has been applied in a full-scale cooperative R D project between the two countries at the Germanakos tannery. The project was carried out with the support of the Commission of the European Communities. 

It can favour large corporations with many R D projects, providing them with greater possibilities of recovering the costs of products that fail to reach the market or do not achieve a large market share. 

The AIST was created by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in 1948. Its main activities involve planning industrial S T policies and national R D projects, conducting R D in AIST laboratories, promotion of R D in the private sector, promoting international cooperation and developing national standardization policies. By 1995, AIST had accumulated 10888 patents, from which 1666 were foreign patents. 

We thank Dr. M. Hirano at Toray Research Center, Kamakura for providing us with the purified PS II. We also thank Dr. H. Minamikawa for the synthesis of Maln(Phyt)2 and Dr. K. Kawasaki for the FFEM experiments. This work was performed as a part of a R D project of AIST (subject Physical properties of membrane protein/lipid assemblies) and of International Joint Research Program FY 2001-2002 supported by NEDO. 

In addition, she is Scientific Consulting of the Pharmaceutical Company (Laboratories Farmaceuticos Rovi S.A.) and involving in common research R D projects. 

The ITER R D project is the latest international research initiative on nuclear fusion for power generation. The ITER initiative has partners from the European Union, including Switzerland, Japan, Russia, China, South Korea, India and the United States. The project is expected to run for the next 30 years, of which 10 years will be needed for construction of the reactor in Cadarache, France, and 20 years for operation. The cost is approximately 10 billion and the first plasma operation is... 

Figure 11.2 Status of current technologies relative to key system performance and cost targets (Satyapal et al., 2006). Costs exclude regeneration and processing. Data are based on R D projections and independent analysis (FY05-FY06), and are updated periodically.

Several studies have looked in detail at the concept of co-generation of electricity and hydrogen, e.g., Chiesa et al. (2005) Kreutz et al. (2005) IE/IPTS, (2005) Yamashita and Barreto (2003), as well as the EU R D project Dynamis (www. dynamis-hypogen. com). 

The high degree of skewness in fhe outcomes of pharmaceutical R D projects indicates that there are substantial risks in this endeavor, both for big pharmaceutical firms as well as smaller biotech enterprises. This reflects the dynamic nature of the R D process, the long time periods from the start of a project to market approval, the unpredictability of clinical trials, as well as regulatory and competitive xmcertainties. 

MacMillan, I. C. McGrath, R. G. 2002. Crafting R D project portfolios. Research-Technology Management, 45(5) 48-59. 

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