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Quotients

Stoichiometry is the composition of the air-fuel mixture required to obtain complete combustion. The stoichiometric ratio, r, is the quotient of the respective masses, and m, of air and fuel arranged in the stoichiometric conditions ... [Pg.179]

If one imagine.s that the fuel is used in the liquid state in the form of droplets —as in the case of fuel injection— the specific energy of the motor fuel (SE) is expressed in kilojoules per kilogram of air utilized, under predetermined conditions of equivalence ratio (stoichiometry for example). The SE is none other than the NHY /r quotient where r represents the previously defined stoichiometric ratio. [Pg.186]

The detectability of critical defects with CT depends on the final image quality and the skill of the operator, see figure 2. The basic concepts of image quality are resolution, contrast, and noise. Image quality are generally described by the signal-to-noise ratio SNR), the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the noise power spectrum (NFS). SNR is the quotient of a signal and its variance, MTF describes the contrast as a function of spatial frequency and NFS in turn describes the noise power at various spatial frequencies [1, 3]. [Pg.209]

During the attenuation measurements. Transducer 1 was excited with a narrowband tone burst with center frequency 18 MHz, see Figure 1 for a schematic setup. The amplitude of the sound pressure was measured at Tranducer 2 by means of an amplitude peak detector. A reference amplitude, Are/, was measured outside the object as shown at the right hand side of Figure 1. The object was scanned in the j y-plane and for every position, (x, y), the attenuation, a x, y), was calculated as the quotient (in db) between the amplitude at Transducer 2, A[x, y), and Are/, i.e., a(x,y) = lOlogm Pulse echo measurements and preprocessing... [Pg.889]

The logarithm of a quotient is equal to the logarithm of the numerator minus the logarithm of the denominator thus,... [Pg.176]

Here f, is a coefficient which will approach 6 as the quotient Z approaches unity. The quotient actually attains the value... [Pg.32]

Fig. 4.4 Plot of the logarithm of the Langmuir quotient 0/p( - 0) against 0 for adsorption on H-chabasite at various temperatures." (a) Argon (h) carbon dioxide. (After Barrer and Davies.)... Fig. 4.4 Plot of the logarithm of the Langmuir quotient 0/p( - 0) against 0 for adsorption on H-chabasite at various temperatures." (a) Argon (h) carbon dioxide. (After Barrer and Davies.)...
The first term, AG°, is the change in Gibb s free energy under standard-state conditions defined as a temperature of 298 K, all gases with partial pressures of 1 atm, all solids and liquids pure, and all solutes present with 1 M concentrations. The second term, which includes the reaction quotient, Q, accounts for nonstandard-state pressures or concentrations. Eor reaction 6.1 the reaction quotient is... [Pg.137]

In very small pores the molecules never escape from the force field of the pore wall even at the center of the pore. In this situation the concepts of monolayer and multilayer sorption become blurred and it is more useful to consider adsorption simply as pore filling. The molecular volume in the adsorbed phase is similar to that of the saturated Hquid sorbate, so a rough estimate of the saturation capacity can be obtained simply from the quotient of the specific micropore volume and the molar volume of the saturated Hquid. [Pg.251]

All variables in the system can be expressed in reduced form. Velocity can be expressed as tt = where Uq is a fixed reference velocity and j/ is the dimensionless reduced velocity. Because time, /q, is the quotient of length, Lq, and velocity, Uq, the equation can be manipulated to yield... [Pg.106]

Properties. Fluoroboric acid is stable in concentrated solutions, and hydroly2es slowly in aqueous solution to hydroxyduoroborates. For the stabihty of the duoroborate species, see Reference 3. The equiUbrium quotients (4,5) in 1 molal NaCl at 25°C show the strong affinity of boron for duo ride ... [Pg.164]

Traditional chemical kinetics uses notation that is most satisfactory in two cases all components are gases with or without an inert buffer gas, or all components are solutes in a Hquid solvent. In these cases, molar concentrations represented by brackets, are defined, which are either constant throughout the system or at least locally meaningful. The reaction quotient Z is defined as... [Pg.507]

The reaction quotient may be measured, at least in principle, for the reacting system at any time. If Z is observed not to change, the system is at equiUbrium, or trapped in a metastable state that serves as a local equiUbrium. In informal work, a time-independent Z is identified directiy with the equiUbrium constant... [Pg.507]

Alcohol fractionation redistributes the phosphoHpids according to their respective hydrophilic and lipophilic properties (13). A process to produce fractionated phosphoHpids with a phosphatidylcholine (PC) content of more than 30% and a PC/PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) quotient of ca 4 has been developed. With this process it is possible to produce 1000 t per year. [Pg.101]

A sohdus indicates the quotient of two unit symbols and the word per the division of two unit names m/s for meter per second. The horizontal line or negative powers are also permissible. The sohdus or the word per is not repeated in the same expression, eg, acceleration as m/s for meter per second squared and thermal conductivity as W/(m-K) for watt per meter kelvin. [Pg.310]

Indeterminate Forms UHospital s Theorem Forms of the type 0/0, oo/oo, 0 X oo, etc., are callea indeterminates. To find the limiting values that the corresponding functions approach, L Hospital s theorem is useful If two functions/(x) andg(x) both become zero at X = a, then the hmit of their quotient is equ to the hmit of the quotient of their separate derivatives, if the limit exists or is -i- oq or — oo. [Pg.443]

The quotient is called the electrochemical mobility and is tabulated along with ion mobilities. It is important to pay attention to the units because of possible confusion. Values of /, are given in Table 2-2. Raising the temperature usually increases ion mobility, while increasing the concentration reduces the conductivity due to interactions ... [Pg.34]

The validity of Eq. (3-15) further follows from the results given in Fig. 3-4. It represents the current-potential curve for a buried storage tank. The difference f/ n - I/off is proportional to the current /. The quotient R is equal to the grounding resistance of the tank. The (/) curve corresponds to the true polarization curve. [Pg.90]

If one forms the quotients R/p and e e/C, this gives identical functions which contain only geometric parameters. This regularity is independent of the geometric shape i.e., it follows generally from the capacity formula and also the formula for grounding resistance [1] that... [Pg.537]

The interference factor therefore depends on the spacing and the quotient R/p, which is determined by the anode dimensions according to Table 24-1. Figure 9-8 contains examples of various practical cases. [Pg.545]

Jq alone serves for evaluating the corrosion danger (see Section 20.1.4). It is of interest to note that with protective measures to reduce Jg there is no change, with the quotients AU/L and r/L remaining the same. Dimensionless relationships are very complicated [12]. With the linear function, the polarization parameter k = xr only occurs in the path constants in Eq. (24-101) and not in Eq. (24-102). [Pg.558]


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Absorption quotient

Acidity quotient, apparent

Activity quotient

Affinity, reaction quotient and activities

Albumin quotient

Ammonia reaction quotient

Ammonia synthesis reaction quotient

Antipodal quotient

Average concentration quotient

Balanced equations reaction quotient and

Carbohydrate respiratory quotient

Chemical equilibrium reaction quotient

Chemical reaction quotient

Competition quotient

Concentration quotient

Conditional concentration quotient

Conditions for the Categories to be Closed Under Taking Quotients

Construction of Quotients

Derivatives quotient

Difference quotient

Difference quotient second

Differentiation quotient

Dispersivity quotient

Empathy quotient

Energy respiratory quotient

Environmental quotient

Equilibrium constant reaction quotient

Equilibrium constant reaction quotient and

Equilibrium problems reaction quotients

Equilibrium quotients

Equilibrium reaction quotient

Exercise respiratory quotient during

Faisceaux quotients

Form of the Reaction Quotient

Formulating a reaction quotient

Free energy change reaction quotient

Gibbs energy change reaction quotient

Hazard quotients

Humans respiratory quotient

Hyper-Kahler quotients

Intelligence quotient

Intelligence quotient and

Intelligence quotient tests

Intelligence quotient, increased

Intensity quotient diagram

Mass-action expression quotient

Metabolic quotient

Microbial quotient

Oxycaloric quotient

P/O quotient

Performance Criteria for Process Schemes, Atom Economy, and Environmental Quotient

Photosynthetic quotient

Proper quotient

Proper quotient of activities

Protein Oxidation and the Respiratory Quotient

Proteins respiratory quotient

Proton transfer quotients

Q, reaction quotient

Quantifying Risk for Noncarcinogenic Effects Hazard Quotient

Quotient chain complex

Quotient free exhalation rate

Quotient functions

Quotient group

Quotient map

Quotient method

Quotient of two Waves

Quotient rule

Quotient scheme

Quotient set

Quotient space

Quotient test

Quotient, definition

Quotient, error

Quotients of Group Actions as Colimits

Quotients of Simplicial Actions

Quotients rounding

Quotients significant figures

Quotients standard deviation

Radius quotient

Rayleigh quotient

Rayleigh quotient Dirac

Rayleigh quotient method

Reaction Quotient Q and Equilibrium Constant

Reaction quotient

Reaction quotient defined

Reaction quotient definition

Reaction quotient its

Reaction quotient relation to equilibrium constant

Reaction quotient units

Reaction quotient writing

Reactivity quotients

Rejection quotient

Respiratory Quotient Data from Human Studies

Respiratory Quotient from Chemistry

Respiratory quotient

Respiratory quotient calculation

Respiratory quotient control

Respiratory quotient during rest and exercise

Respiratory quotient human studies

Respiratory quotient in fat metabolism

Respiratory quotient metabolic rate

Respiratory quotient of isolated organs

Rest, respiratory quotient during

Risk assessment hazard quotient

Risk quotient

Risk quotient, development

Separation quotient

Skill 9.2 Solving problems involving equilibrium constants and reaction quotients

Stabilization quotient

Systemizing quotient

THE REACTION QUOTIENT

The Quotient Matrices

The Respiratory Quotient during Rest and Exercise

The respiratory quotient

Thermodynamics reaction quotient

Toxic Equivalent Quotient

Toxicity equivalent quotients

Unfriendliness quotient

Universal Property of Quotients

Value Quotient

Value Quotient (Technique

Variance quotient

Writing the Reaction Quotient

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