Questions, for research

The questions for research workers may thus vary widely but, in principle, will be quite different for organically-grown crops. Most of the chemical sprays are not permitted, so other remedies have to be found. This may mean that the problems for applied research are different and will often relate to whole husbandry systems and not just to specific practices. However, this is not confined to applied research. Interactions between plants and other organisms may need to be understood at a quite fundamental level, posing questions that simply would not arise in conventional crop production. 

Authentic inquiry The students craft their own question for research and... 

Very litde research on the biochemistry or physiology of brown adipose tissue has been done in humans. Most of the work on both obesity and adaptation to cold stress has been done on small mammals, such as rats, mice, and hamsters. What role, if any, brown fat deposits play in the development or prevention of obesity in humans is an open question for researchers. Recently, researchers have devoted much energy toward identifying the... 

One of the most important questions for a conformational search strategy is, When have I found all of the energetically interesting con formers This is an area of active research and the ideal answer seems to be, When you find all of the local minima. However, this answer is not always reasonable, because medium to large molecules have a large number of minima (see Complexity of Potential Energy Surfaces on page 14). 

Ventilation noise and the annoyance effects which may result have been a recurring question in recent years for researchers, occupational health services, and various aurhorities. In spite of this, there are still major shortcomings in our knowledge about the links between human effects and exposure to ventilation noise. Current regulations and recommendations are thus based on uncertain principles in certain respects. 

However, research into transition metal catalysis in ionic liquids should not focus only on the question of how to make some specific products more economical or ecological by use of a new solvent and, presumably, a new multiphasic process. Since it bridges the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, in a novel and highly attractive manner, the application of ionic liquids in transition metal catalysis gives access to some much more fundamental and conceptual questions for basic research. 

This expansion will require a major commitment of resources on the part of universities, government, private foundations, and industry. Can such a preferential commitment to one discipline be justified, particularly at a time of severe budgetary austerity Each agency responsible for funding chemical engineering research will have to answer this question for itself, but the committee believes that the following... 

Reid and Shah (2007) have provided evidence supporting pre-laboratory exercises. However, pre-experimental activities constitute a phase that most often is missing from laboratory irrstruction. According to research findings, only about 3% of the laboratory time is applied to developing research questions for experiments (Tobin Capie, 1982 Neber Heumarm-Ruprecht, 2006). 

The quality of front-end work in answering the questions above, when addressed by a broadly comprised project team, is directly related to project success. It is useful to keep in mind that the consequences of decisions (question 4) are often different for the firm, for departments, for research groups, and for individuals on the research team. Models can reduce ambiguity and arbitrary discretion. This is appreciated in successful projects. 

The fact that relatively few commercial processes currently utilize dehydrogenases, in spite of the high level of interest at the research and bench scales, argues that progress is needed in this area before these enzymes can be considered to be a normal part of chemical synthesis. Many of these advances will come by partnerships with genomics, nanotechnology and computational approaches. In the discovery area, key questions for the future are ... 

In particular, reactions involving transition-metals have attracted a lot of interest recently because of the connection to catalytic and enzymatic processes. Unfortunately, the proper computational description of such reactions is one of the great challenges of today s theoretical chemistry and the question for the general applicability of density functional methods in the field is an area of active research. We chose to provide a single but - as we think - representative example to illustrate the difficulties one has to face in theoretical studies of transition-metal reactivity. 

This is the main difference between models for research and for testing but in some cases, especially in the environmental sector and in the screening of chemicals, it is very difficult to establish the dividing line between these two realities. According to Frazier, what is important is to verify the adequacy and the specificity of the model system to answer the posed question. 

Other, related, questions are also important Having determined this in isolation, how does the data analyst determine this in real data, where unknown amounts of several effects may be present There is a similarity here to Richard s earlier point regarding the relationship between the amount of noise and the amount of nonlinearity. Here are more fertile areas for research into the behavior of calibration models. 

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