Quatemized poly phthalazinon ether sulfone ketone

Y. Su, X. Jian, S. Zhang, and G. Wang. Preparation and characterization of quatemized poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) NF membranes. J. Membr. ScL, 241(2) 225-233, October 2004. 

M. Li, H. Zhang, and Z.-G. Shao. Quatemized poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) membrane doped with H3PO4 for high-temperature PEMFC operation. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 9 A60-A63, 2006. 

Fang J, Shen PK (2006) Quatemized poly(phthalazinon ether sulfone ketone) membrane for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. J Membr Sci 285 317-322... 

FIG. 5.21 Structure of quatemized poly(phthalazinon ether sulfone ketone) [169]. 

X.G. Jian, C. Yan, H.M. Zhang, S.H. Zhang, C. Liu and P. Zhao, Synthesis and characterization of quatemized poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) for anion-exchange membrane. Chin. Chem. Lett. 18,2007,1269-1272. 

In comparison with the membranes with common aromatic skeletons such as poly-sulfane (PS), poly(ether ether ketone), poly(phthalazinon ether sulfone ketone), poly(etherimide), poly(benzimidazole), poly(phenylene oxide), polysiloxane, poly(oxyethylene) methacrylate, poly(arylene ether sulfone), and polyethersulfone Cardo, which are generally at high price and of complicated synthesis processes, the most important advantages of the aliphatic polymer materials as PEM membranes are their low cost, easy preparation, and simple structure. These aliphatic PEMs are particularly environmentally friendly (e.g., if the quatemization process is proceeded when these aromatic membranes are used for alkaline PEM fuel cells, the synthesis route uses chloromethyl ether for chloromethylation, which is very toxic and carcinogenic). However, the stability of the aliphatic PEMs is not very good. This is probably the biggest challenge when they are used in electrochemical devices. 

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