Polymer aliphatic

Viscosity additives are aliphatic polymers of high molecular weight whose main chain is flexible. It is known that in a poor solvent, interactions between the elements making up the polymer chain are stronger than interactions between the solvent and the chain (Quivoron, 1978), to the point that the polymer chain adopts a ball of yarn configuration. The macromolecules in this configuration occupy a small volume. The viscosity of a solution being related to the volume occupied by the solute, the effect of polymers on the viscosity in a poor solvent will be small. 

Nearly all of the polymers produced by step-growth polymerization contain heteroatoms and/or aromatic rings in the backbone. One exception is polymers produced from acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization.22 Hydrocarbon polymers with carbon-carbon double bonds are readily produced using ADMET polymerization techniques. Polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, and polyurethanes can be produced from aliphatic monomers with appropriate functional groups (Fig. 1.1). In these aliphatic polymers, the concentration of the linking groups (ester, carbonate, amide, or urethane) in the backbone greatly influences the physical properties. 

Heterochain polymers Heterochain polymers Aliphatic polymers with quaternary carbons Unsaturated polymers Amorphous polymers Heterochain polymers Vinyl polymers Polymers below... 

Halogenated aliphatic polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) are moderately resistant to attack by reactants. The fluorinated polymers, such as ptfe, are exceptionally resistant to attack by acids and alkalis even at elevated temperatures because of their tight packing and high C—F bond energy. 

Chap. 14 Aliphatic Polymers with Hetorootom Chains... 

Shigematsu et al. (3) prepared aliphatic polymers containing ketone and ether components in the main chain, (III), by the dehydration of glycerol followed by treatment with 1,10-decane diol and sulfuric acid at 165°C. 

Use of connectivity indexes has been reported by Polak and Sundahl, who give two expressions for the polarizability of aliphatic polymers and for polymers... 

The Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd developed an original process of grafting of monomers (for example styrene) onto aromatic polyesters like poly bisphenol A terephthalate. In this process, the time of treatment of the cited polymer remains long what is due to its aromatic character well known to be more resistant to ozone than aliphatic polymers [146]. It can be noted that... 

At present, the role of water in this type AFR polymerization is unclear. It seems likely that water changes the nature of the complex or solvating nature of the active ends of the anionic chain. Because of the hydrophobic aliphatic polymer chain, a polar compound such as water probably can approach the catalyst site to solvate or complex the environment of the active center without destroying the C—metal bond. This water barrier may prevent water-insoluble monomer from penetrating the reaction site, while with a water-soluble acrylate, the presence of the... 

For flexible aliphatic polymers, e.g. poly(oxy methylene), sm has a value of 0.175 K MPa-1 for semi-rigid aromatic polymers (such as PEEK) the value of sm is much larger, viz. 0.5 K MPa-1. 

In Table 6.17 a comparison is given between experimental and estimated Tp-values of this type of polymers. It seems that the value for Tp/Tg 0.8 for the aliphatic polymers and Tp/Tg 0.35 for the aromatic polymers. 

Table 10.6 shows the data of the stress-optical coefficients as calculated by means of Eq. (10.25). The values are low for aliphatic polymers (about 5 x 10-12 Pa- ) aromatic rings directly linked as side groups on the backbone chain increase the value of C ... 

For polyethylene the values of the constants in this formula are T° = 409 K(136° C), a 3 kbar, c 4.5. Fig. 19.12 is a graphical representation (Tm in °C) of this equation, which is fully confirmed by the experiments of Osugi and Hara (1966). It is obvious that the melting region may be raised by about 100 °C at pressures of about 5 kbar or 20 °C/kbar. For the pressure dependence of Tg of aliphatic polymers was also found approximately 20 °C/kbar (see Chap. 6). 

Most of the poly(etherketone-carborane)s so far prepared are non-crystalline and thus readily soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform or NMP, from which tough, coherent films and coatings can be obtained by solvent evaporation. However, we have found two polymers of this type, both derivatives of p-carborane, which display significant levels of crystallinity.8 Thus, the semi-aliphatic polymer derived from bis(4-phenoxyphenyl)-p-carborane (3) and hexadecanedioic acid (6) undergoes solvent-induced crystallisation on contact with NMP, and then shows a crystal melting point of 122 °C. 

All of poly(2c), poly(3), and poly(4a) completely dissolve in many organic solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., toluene), halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g., CHCI3), and tetrahydrofuran (Table VI). Furthermore, poly(2c) and poly(4a), which are aliphatic polymers, are also soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., hexane). On the other hand, poly(3), which is an... 

Polyenes (i.e., unsaturated aliphatic polymers) such as polyisoprenes, and polybutadiens may be hydrogenated, halogenated, hydrohalo-genated, cyclized, and epoxidized. 

Photosensitive polymers Heterochain polymers, nitrogen-containing polymers, polyesters Vinyl polymers Aliphatic polymers with quaternary carbon atoms... 

A large number of polyurethanes were made of nitro aliphatic polymers consisting in co-polymerization of nitro aliphatic diisocyanate with nitro aliphatic... 

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