Quality loss coefficient

Use of a marching solution to determine the behavior of individual subchannels in an assembly requires that the inlet flow to that assembly be known. The assumption that all assemblies in a core have the same inlet flow can be appreciably in error. Flow must be divided so that the core pressure drop remains essentially constant. Therefore, higher pressure loss coefficients in high-power assemblies, due to the presence of significant exit quality, lead to lower flows in these assemblies. 

HUM Required hot water mass flow rate WA Net turbine shaft work output CR Condenser shell-side pressure loss coefficient X2 Turbine exit quality... 

The temperature coefficient of MHC was obtained from measurements of demagnetization curves at several temperatures, each traced after fully remagnetizing the sample at room temperature. As an example, fig. 39 shows such a set of curves for a sintered SmCo5 magnet of average production quality. The coefficient of Br is taken from the reversible remanence versus temperature curve traced after a first heating cycle to 100 °C, i.e., the so-called irreversible loss has been eliminated. Both... 

To compare to the prediction of the first and second roots (instability lines) at low and high quality there are many data in the literature. We must know, or be able to estimate or calculate the loss coefficients and use only data where the channel pressure drop is constant, relevant to the reactor situation. 

The short circuit current is the product of the photon flux (A.) of the incident solar spectrum and the wavelength-dependent spectral response or collection efficiency Q( k) integrated over all wavelengths 7sc = / k)Q k)dX (see Fig. 61b). The collection efficiency is about 80% between 450 and 600 nm, demonstrating that there is little loss due to recombination (the i-layer is of device quality). The decreasing collection efficiency at the red side is due to the decreasing absorption coefficient of a-Si H. In the blue, the decreasing collection efficiency is due to absorption in the /7-layer and/or buffer layer. 

Microwaves. Among the lowest frequencies of interest in collisional absorption are radio- and microwaves. As will be seen below, the absorption coefficient a is extremely small at low frequencies because absorption falls off to zero frequency as of2 see Chapter 5 for details. As a consequence, it has generally been necessary to use sensitive resonator techniques for the measurement of the loss tangent, tan <5 = s"/s, where s and s" are the real and imaginary part of the dielectric constant. The loss tangent is obtained by determination of the quality factors Qa, Qo, of the cavity with and without the gas filling, as (Dagg 1985)... 

Sheet Mica. Good quality sheet mica is widely used for many industrial applications, particularly in the electrical and electronic- industries, because of its high dielectric strength, uniform dielectric constant, low power loss (high power factor), high electrical resistivity, and low temperature coefficient Mica also resists temperatures of 600-lX)0JC. and can be easily machined into strong parts of different sizes and shapes,... 

Table VI gives the results for the multiple regression of the retention data. Values for each coefficient in equation 9 are given for each solute, as well as parameters describing the quality of the fit to the experimental data. As can be seen in Table VI, the fit was exceptional. Interestingly, when the regression was repeated without the interaction term, the fit was not as good, with R2 values less than 0.988. Similar losses in correlation were also observed if the squared-density term was omitted from the model equation. Equation 9 thus appears to be the best model from among those that could be predicted from the relationships in equations 2 and 3.

Accuracy (absence of systematic errors) and uncertainty (coefficient of variation or confidence interval) as caused by random errors and random variations in the procedure are the basic parameters to be considered when discussing analytical results. As stressed in the introduction, accuracy is of primary importance however, if the uncertainty in a result is too high, it cannot be used for any conclusion concerning, e.g. the quality of the environment or of food. An unacceptably high uncertainty renders the result useless. When evaluating the performance of an analytical technique, all basic principles of calibration, of elimination of sources of contamination and losses, and of correction for interferences should be followed (Prichard, 1995). 

While permeation of organic substances through a plastic container occurs very slowly, the enrichment of product components in the plastic near the material s surface can occur after just a short contact time for plastic/product systems with large K values. When suffering a loss in quality, the product component need not necessarily be transported through the container wall and into the external atmosphere. The use of a thicker wall of the same plastic is not the solution in such a case. More important here is the selection of polymer, which should have a diffusion coefficient as small as possible, so that the thickness of the diffusion front in the plastic stays as small as possible during the intended storage time. 

The effect of confinement on the heat transfer coefficient before dry-out was found to be an increase of 74% when the hydraulic diameter decreased from 2 to 0.77 mm. The effect of confinement on dry-out was found to be a decrease in the critical quality from 0.3-0.4 to 0.1-0.2 for the same reduction of the hydraulic diameter. Heat flux dependent boiling prevailed in the 2 mm hydraulic diameter tube while quality dependent boiling prevailed in the 0.77 hydraulic diameter tube because of the difference in boiling and confinement numbers. The transition from one regime to another occurred for Bo - (1 - x) si 2.2-10 regardless of the heat and mass velocity. Moreover it was found that dry-out could even be the dominant boiling mechanism at low qualities. The results obtained with the 2 mm hydraulic diameter tube were in total agreement with Huo et al. (2004) s work. Finally frictional pressure losses seem to dominate up to mass velocities of 469 kg/m s. 

We now turn to a quantitative examination of the feasibility of conditional Fock state generation using our preparation and retrieval technique. For applications in long-distance quantum communication, the quality of the atomic state preparation is the most important quantity. Assuming perfect atom-photon correlations in the write Raman processes, we can find the density matrix p for the number of atomic spin-wave excitations conditioned on the detection of ns Stokes photons. Here we consider only the spin-wave modes correlated with our detection mode. For example, in the absence of losses and background, the conditional atomic density matrix is simply p(ns) = ns)(ns. Loss on the Stokes channel (characterized by transmission coefficient a.s) leads to a statistical mixture of spin-wave excitations,... 

The quality of the fits is excellent in many cases, but there are indications that more satisfactory results would be obtained by fixing reasonable values for the ion sizes and compensating for the loss of a fitting parameter by including ion pairs in the models, by including virial coefficient terms in the equations, or both. 

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