Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate

TSAI J-C, JAIN M, HSIEH C-M, LEE W-S, YOSHIZUMI M, PATTERSON C, PERRELLA M A, COOKE C, WANG H, HABER E, scHLEGEL R, and LEE M E (1996) Induction of apoptosis by pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and N-acetylcysteine in vascular smooth muscle cells Journal Biological Chemistry 271, 3667-70. 

Pyrocatechol, d428 Pyrogallol, t317 Pyromellitic acid, b27 Pyromellitic dianhydride, b28 Pyromucic aldehyde, f44 Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, p282... 

Workers at PerkinElmer (Perkin Elmer Ltd., Beaconsfield, UK, Private Communication) claim that sensitivity and precision in lead determinations in spinach were both improved by using the L vov platforms as opposed to normal off the wall techniques. This is because dependence on temperature is reduced. Johns et al. [26] has described a quantitative thin-layer chromatographic procedure for the determination of lead in plant tissues. The method is based on the use of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate for the extraction and enrichment of lead. Instead of the previously reported conversion and visualisation of the lead complex in the short wavelength region using dithizone, the lead carbamate was converted to lead sulfide with the aid of a 6% solution of sodium sulfide in methanol/water (3 1) on silica plates, after development of the plates with toluene. See also Sects. 7.34.1,7.34.4 and 7.34.5... 

Sequential oxidation and hydrolysis of the enamine derived from the reaction between 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one and pyrrolidinium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate affords 6,6-dimethylthiopyran-2,4-dione (Scheme 222) <2003RJ0235>. 

APDC Solution Transfer 2.00 g of APDC (ammonium 1-pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate) (Aldrich Chemical, or equivalent) into a 100-mL volumetric flask, dilute to volume with water, and mix. Remove insoluble free acid and other impurities normally present by two to three extractions with 10-mL portions of Aqueous Butyl Acetate. 

As described for vanadium and chromium also manganese is extractable from sea water into chloroform55 or methyl isobutyl ketone60 after chelation with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. 

A solution of both ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and diethyldithio-carbamate has been used for eomplexing iron (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in sea water. The metal carbamate complexes are extracted from 500 ml of sea water at ca. pH 5 into 30 ml of Freon TF (l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane) and back-extracted into 10 ml of 0.3 M nitric acid. The main advantage of this method is the transfer of the metals to a solution in which their concentrations do not change with time 70). 

OrganometaUic compounds such as metalocenes and organoleads were quantitatively adsorbed on Cgg via the formation of neutral complexes or chelates, and the adsorption constant was dramatically increased by the use of classical reagents such as pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate or diethyldithiocarbamate. It was therefore concluded [122] that the fuUerenes possess a high analytical potential for preconcentrating organometaUic compounds, which is superior to that of conventional sorhents such as RP-C18, silica gel and activated carbon. 

A chloroform solution of diethylammonium DDTC (formula 4.37) extracts As(III), Sn(II), and Sb(III) from 1-5 M H2SO4 medium. Arsenic(V), Sn(IV), and Sb(V) do not react with DDTC. After Cu, Bi, and Hg have been extracted, iodide and ascorbic acid are added to the aqueous solution and As(III) is extracted. The DDTC method enables to separate As from Ge in the presence of oxalic acid. Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate is also recommended for separation of As [7-9]. A hexane solution of diethyldithiophosphoric acid extracts As and Sb from 1-2 M H2SO4, but only Sb is extracted at pH 1.3-2.5 [10]. 

Other dithiocarbamates which have been suggested for determination of copper include pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate [22,23], piperazine-bis(dithiocarbamate) [24], and morpholine-N-dithiocarbamate [25]. 

A chamber is a useful manifold component in some applications, e.g., the spectrophotometric determination of copper with APDC (ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate) involving the production of the Cu-APDC complex and extraction into chloroform [189]. A dual-channel dropping segmentor was used for the dropwise addition of segments of the sample and reagent solutions into an unsegmented flow of organic solvent. 

Anezaki, K., Chen, X., Ogasawara, T., Nukatsuka, I. and Ohzeki, K., 1998, Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Tap Water by Graphite-furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Preconcentration on a Finely Divided Ion-exchange Resin as the Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate Complexes, Analytical Sciences, 14, 523-527. 

The bismuth active substances (BiAS) method for the determination of nonionic surfactants with barium tetraiodobismuthate (BaBil4, modified Dragendorff reagent) is used in the standardized (DIN-Norm) procedure in Germany, as well as in other countries. Ba as a hard Lewis acid forms cationic coordination complexes with the polyethoxylate chain of the nonionic surfactants, which are precipitated by [Bim in the presence of acetic acid. The orange precipitate is then dissolved with ammonium tartrate solution, and the released bismuth ions are determined by potentiometric titration with pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate solution. Waters et al. optimized the BiAS procedure by introduction of a cation/anion exchange clean-up of the sublation extracts. The BiAS procedure fails to determine ethoxylates with less than five ethoxy units because these compounds are not precipitated by barium tetraiodobismuthate. Thus, this procedure is not suitable for determination of APEO metabolites, i.e., the shorter APEO and AP. ... 

NR = not reported, SPDC = sodium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, SEC = size-exclusion chromatography, SPME = solid-phase microextraction, ssIDMS = species-specific isotope dilution mass spectrometry. 

The most recent studies of such compounds involves Mo03-pyrazine [17], M0O3—pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate [18] and M0O3—phen [19] hybrids. The obtained results surest that lamellar M0O3 can be successfully used as a molecular sieve toward a series of nitrogen-containing organic species. 

A Ho(PDC)3(o-phen) complex has been obtained and studied by Xie et al. [184] from the reaction of hydrated holmium chloride, ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) and 1,10-phenanthroline (o-phen-H20) in absolute ethanol. The enthalpy of complex formation from a solution of the reagents and the molar heat capacity of fre complex were determined by using a heat conduction microcalorimeter. The enthalpy of complex formation from the reaction of the reagents in the solid phase, was calculated on the basis of an appropriate thermochemical cycle and other auxiliary thermodynamic data. The thermodynamics of formation of the complex were investigated by the reaction in solution at the temperature range of 292.15 - 301.15 K. The constant-volume combustion energy of the complex, Act/, was also determined. 

Some of the most successful and widely used chelating reagents include dimethylglyoxime for the gravimetric determination of nickel 1,10-phe-nanthroline and its derivatives for the colorimetric determination of iron and copper dithizone for the separation and colorimetric determination of a number of metals but particularly lead, silver, zinc, cadmium, and mercury the dithiocarbamates such as diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, used for colorimetry but more widely applied now as selective extractants and the most successful titrant, EDTA. 

A dual-conical gravitational phase separator has been proposed for determining Cu and Pb in urine. A citrate-buffered medium (pH 3) serves to form analyte-ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate neutral complexes. These are then extracted into isobutyl ketone, and the organic phase separated by means of a dual-conical gravitational phase separator and... 

Table 64 Rj Values of Metal-Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate on Silica Gel Layers with Various Solvent Systems...

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