Pyrolysis Kraft lignin

Chaudhari, S.T., Ferdous, D., Dalai, A.K, Bej, S.K, Thring, R.W., and Bakhshi, N.N. (2000). Pyrolysis and Steam Gasification of Westvaco Kraft Lignin for the Production of Hydrogen and Medium Btu Gas, Abstracts Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Tyrol, Austria, 17-22 September. 

What are unambiguous ways to study biomass composition and its relationship to pyrolysis rate and products Are traditional, operational definitions of composition such as cellulose, Klason or Kraft lignin, and extractives weight fraction useful What other composition metrics are useful especially as under-utilized or transgenic biomass species are examined ... 

Antal M.J. (1983) Effects of Reactor Severity on the Gas Phase Pyrolysis of Cellulose, and Kraft Lignin, devired Volatile Matter, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 22, 366-375... 

Benson S.W. (Ed) (1976) Thermochemical Kinetics, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York. Petrocelii P. F. Klein T. M. (1985) Simulation of Kraft Lignin Pyrolysis. In Fundamantals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion. (Eds R.P. Overend, T.A. Milne L.K. Mudge), pp. 257-273. Elsevier Applied Science Publisher, London. 

Pyrolysis of lignin generates gases, tar, and char with yields depending on the lignin type and pyrolytic conditions. A typical result for kraft lignin pyrolysed at 650° C is shown in Table 9.1.2. 

A Py-IR Study of kraft lignin pyrolysis in a temperature gradient (FT-IR-EGA study) [4] showed the formation of different compounds evolving at certain temperature ranges as indicated in Figure 9.1.1. 

Table 9.1.3. The relative composition (% wt.) of gases (excluding H2O and CO2) generated by pyrolysis at 65(f C of kraft lignin.

Table 9.1.5. Pyrolysis products at 51(f C of several lignins [6a], The analyzed materials were milled wood lignin (MLW), steam exploded lignin (StE.), a lignin purified by organosolv procedure (Org ), kraft lignin (Kraft), and bagasse lignin (Bag.).

Figure 9.1.4. Residual final weight of a kraft lignin sample at long pyrolysis time as a function of Teq.

Such stochastic modelling was advanced by Klein and Virk Q) as a probabilistic, model compound-based prediction of lignin pyrolysis. Lignin structure was not considered explicitly. Their approach was extended by Petrocelli (4) to include Kraft lignins and catalysis. Squire and coworkers ( ) introduced the Monte Carlo computational technique as a means of following and predicting coal pyrolysis routes. Recently, McDermott ( used model compound reaction pathways and kinetics to determine Markov Chain states and transition probabilities, respectively, in a rigorous, kinetics-oriented Monte Carlo simulation of the reactions of a linear polymer. Herein we extend the Monte Carlo... 

Kraft Lignin. Simulations of isothermal, batch pyrolysis and isothermal catalytic liquefaction of kraft lignin were at 380°C. The transition probabilities for the catalytic liquefaction were for reaction at 2250 psig over a presulfided catalyst in proportions of 2.47 giignin/gc-... 

Figure 9. Predicted Tar Fraction Product Yields of Kraft Lignin Pyrolysis at 380°C.

Caballero JA, Font R, Mardlla A (1997) Pyrolysis of kraft lignin yields and correlations. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 39 161-183... 

Tumbalam Gooty, A., Li, D., Berruti, F., Briens, C., 2014. Kraft-lignin pyrolysis and Ifactional condensation of its bio-oil vapors. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 106,33—40. http //dx.doi.0rg/lO.lOl6/j.jaap.2Oi3.i2.OO6. 

Pyrolysis of cellulose at temperatures below 300 0 results mainly in char formation. Any lignin present in the MSW (Kraft paper, cardboard, and wood waste contain significant proportions) tends to char, even at higher temperatures. On the other hand, the cellulose and hemicelluloses readily decompose to volatile products at temperatures above 300 0. Most of the plastics present thermally degrade at a significantly higher temperature (400-450OC) (2). 

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