Pyrolidines

Compounds containing a heteroatom in the / -position of the side-chain, like 2-(propynyloxymethyl)pyrimidines (R = H, SiMej) and 5-phenyl-2-[2-(l-pro-2-ynyl)pyrolidin-2-yl)]pyrimidine react smoothly at 140 °C to give 5,7-dihydrofuro[3,4-h]pyridine (89T5151) and 3-phenylpyrido[3,2-c]pyrroli-zine, respectively (Scheme 38) (92JOC3000). 

METHYL-2,4-HEPTANEDIONE, 55, 127 3-Methyl-3-heptyl alcohol, 58, 78 3-Methyl-4-heptyl alcohol, 58, 78 3-Methyl-3-heptyl fluoride, 58, 78 3-Methyl4-heptyl fluoride, 58, 78 7V-(4-Methyl-2,4-hexadienoyl)pyrolidine,... 

Extensive investigations have been performed related to the synthesis of new adamantane derivatives with better therapeutic actions and less adverse effects. For example, it has been proved that adamantylamino-pyrimidines and -pyridines are strong stimulants of mmor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) [132]. TNF is a substance that can improve the body s namral response to cancer by killing cancer cells. Another example is 1,6-diaminodiamantane [87], which possesses an antitumor and antibacterial activity. Also, many derivatives of aminoadamantanes have antiviral activity like 3-(2-adamantyl) pyrolidines with two pharmacophoric amine groups, which have antiviral activity against influenza-A virus [133]. 

Over the years, many spiropyran structures have been prepared. The pyran component consists of benzopyran or naphthopyran and the heterocyclic part consists of indoline, benzothiazoline, benzoxazoline, benzoselen-azoline, phenanthridine, acridine, quinoline, benzopyran, naphthopyran, xanthene, benzodithiole, benzoxathiole, and saturated heterocyclic rings such as pyrolidine and thiazolidine. 

Y = dithiocarbamate or xanthate derivatives, found that the most active compounds have Y = pyrolidine dithiocarbamate.421... 

Water Direct introduction of water or of extract following extraction of water with methyl isobutyl ketone containing ammonium pyrolidine dithiocarbamate. AAS (Standard Method 3111 0.5 mg/L at 283.3 nm No data (%RSD = 4.7 for direct 23.5 for extract) Eaton et al. 1995b... 

Pyridol, Pyrolidine, Formaldehyde, Pyridine, Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, Sodium carbonate, Chloroform, Sodium sulfate, Tetrahydrofuran, fl,a -Dibromo-4,4 -biacetophenone, Ethanol, Charcoal, Ethyl ether Ethyl alcohol, 3-Dimethylcarbomoxydimethylanaline, fl,a -Dibromo-4,4 -biacetophenone, Ethyl alcohol, Charcoal, Ethyl acetate Bleach, Ammonia... 

CB3671). When the nitrogen of compound 194 is methylated, as in 201, pyrolidine attack yields the pyrimidinethione (202) (Scheme 81). 

Finally, 2,6-disubstituted adamantanes may be obtained either by direct synthesis or as minor components of specific ionic substitution reactions. Treatment of 2,6-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanedione with pyrolidine and methylene iodide followed by acid hydrolysis provides pure 2,6-adamantanedione (42) in an overall yield of approximately 20 % (Eq. (76)) 288>. 

The most common chelating agents used to extract metals from water samples are ammonia pyrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) and 8-hydroxyquinone. Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is generally used as a solvent. In a typical extraction, 1 mL of APDC is added to 50 to 100 mL of aqueous sample in a volumetric flask. The pH of the aqueous sample is adjusted for maximum extraction of the analyte of interest. Then 10 mL of MIBK is added (the volumetric ratio of sample to MIBK is usually less than 40) and the mixture is vigorously shaken for 30 seconds. The metal chelate partitions into the organic phase, which floats on the water. More water can be added to raise the organic level into the neck of the flask so that it can be... 

Nuretdinov I.A., Gubskaya V.N., Yanilkin V.V., Morozov V.I., Zverev V.V., Ilyasov A.V., et al. Fullerene-pyrolidine space-embarrased phenol. Synthesis, structure and properties. Izv RANSer Khim 2001 4 582-7. 

Scheme 12. Proposed mechanism for the formation of cis-pyrolidine derivatives from imine, iodobenzene and 2-(2,3-allenyl)malonate by ESI(+)-FrMS, m/z values are given for observed cationic intermediates.

An efficient approach for asymmetric syntheses of benzo[ ]furan-l-alkylamines was developed by reaction of 2-lithiated benzoMfuran with aldehyde-SAMP-derived hydrazones (SAMP = (3 )-(—)-l-amino-2-methoxymethyl-pyrolidine Equation 84). In this way, an efficient synthesis of hydrazine 91 was achieved <2004TA747>. 

The solvents in the black category are there for a number of reasons pentane and diethyl ether because of their low flash points the chlorinated solvents, pyridine and benzene because they are carcinogens and the polar aprotic solvents dimethylamine (DMA), A,A-dimethylformamide (DMF) and A-methyl pyrolidin-2-one (NMP) because they are toxic. Alternatives for many of these are readily available in most laboratories and some of them are listed in Table 1.8. 

High content of pyrolidine residues (pro-t-hypro) presence of glycine as every third residue isoelectric point affected by acid or alkali treatment... 

Addition of aziridines in this type of reaction to the following multiple bonds have been reported (a) C=C with the formation of pyrolidines , (b) C C... 

Marui et al. clarified the relation between oxidative stress in the arterial wall (in particular, the endothelium) and the development of the inflammatory response [19,25]. Expression of VCAM-1 by hmnan endothelial cells stimulated by cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) is mediated by redox-sensitive control mechanisms [25]. The redox-sensitive nature of this gene regulation was determined by the use of antioxidants that are active intracellularly. It was reported that the antioxidant pyrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) inhibited the IL-1-induced endothelial expression of mRNA for VCAM-1 and was as effective as a monoclonal antibody against the VCAM-1 counterligand very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) in inhibiting binding of Molt-4 cells, which express VLA-4 [25]. 

A special type of substituted pyrolidines has been obtained when aryl azides were reacted at 90° with ethylenes carrying two electron-withdrawing groups on one carbon. Phenyl azide and ethyl benzal-cyanoacetate (181) yielded the pyrrolidine 183. The reaction prob-... 

Coordinated with solvent molecules tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, Et20, IV-methyl-pyrolidine. 

Fig. 32 OS supported oiganocatalysts tertiary amine, A -hydroxy-phthalimide and chiral pyrolidines...

Giachetti C, Assandri A, Mautone G, Tajana E, Palumbo B, Palumbo R. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of N-(2-hydroxymethyl)-2, 5-[14C]-pyrolidine (HEP, epolamine) in male healthy volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmcokinet 1996 21 261-268. 

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