Pyroelectrical sensors

The first clinical IRET used thermopile sensors to achieve non-contact temperature measurement in the ear. In 1991 a tympanic thermometer for home use was first introduced to the consumer market (Thermoscan HM 1). It utilized a pyroelectric sensor which requires the use of a suitable mechanical shutter or chopper mechanism, since it is only sensitive to temperature changes [3]. The main advantage of the pyroelectric sensor unit was its lower cost. However, prices for thermo-... 

Elements sensitive to piezoelectric thermal oscillation Pyroelectric sensors Black-body radiation sensors... 

Significant advances have occurred in microfabricated ion sensitive and Pd gated field effect devices and fiber optic, chemically rsnsitive elements. These elements are beginning to find their way into commercial development. Recent advances in these devices are discussed and compared. Pyroelectric sensor devices developed here are reviewed. A discussion of the utility of these devices is presented. 

Figure 11. Equivalent circuit for the pyroelectric sensor and the attached amplifier.

De Frutos, J. Jimenez, B., Pure and calcium-modified lead tiotanate ceramics for pyroelectric sensors, Sens. Actuators A. 1992, 32, 393-395... 

Bauer. Transparent pyroelectric sensors and organic field-effect transistors with fluorinated polymers steps towards organic infrared detectors. Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on, 13(5) 1087-1092, 2006. 

A large number of apphcations have been proposed for piezoelectric polymers. The types of applications can be grouped into live major categories sonar hydrophones, ultrasonic transducers, audio-frequency transducers, pyroelectric sensors, and electromechanical devices. The principal polymers of interest in these applications are PVDF and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene. 

The third part deals with ferroelectric polymers and their pyroelectric properties. We describe the realization and performance of an IR pyroelectric sensor using copolymers of poly(vinylidene fluoride-ethylene trifluoride). 

Pyroelectric Pyroelectric sensors Thermal flow sensors... 

Pyroelectric sensors utilize a wide range of material forms crystals, bulk ceramics, thick layers, and thin films. Noteworthy among new compositions with improved performance is the class of relaxor pyroelectrics. Many novel pyroelectric sensors utilize thin and thick films. Bulk pyroelectric ceramics for room temperature, and pyroelectric sensors, are widely available. New compositions with higher permittivity are available now. 

Damjanovic D, Muralt P, Setter N (2001) Pyroelectric sensors. IEEE Sens J 1(3) 191-206... 

Chopra S, Sharma S, Goel TC, Chatterje R, Mendiratta RG (2006) Comparison of Ca-doped and La-doped PT films for pyroelectric sensors. Comput Mater Sci 37 134-140... 

PbTi03, for pyroelectric detectors and hydrophones LiTa03, for pyroelectric sensors Pb(Sci/2Tai/2)03, (Bao.6oSro.4o)Ti03, for pyroelectrics Pb(Zri Ti )03, for piezoelectric applications of all types... 

As mentioned above, LC elastomers, especially LSCE with monodomain order, anisotropic LC networks, and gels, may be optimized to make a kind of smart material for molecular switching and piezoelectric or pyroelectric sensors, because of their sensitivity to environmental conditions (electric or stress fields, temperature, and radiation, etc.) and memory effect. Other applications include wave-guide, polarizers, optical filters, alignment, and compensation films for LCD displays. 

Ferroelectric materials, especially polyciystalhne ceramics, are utihzed in various devices such as high-permittivity dielectrics, ferroelectric memories, pyroelectric sensors, piezoelectric transducers, electrooptic devices, and PTC (positive temperature coefficient of resistivity) components. 

Schreiter M, Gabl R, Lerchner J, Hohlfeld C, Delan A, Wolf G, Bluher A, Katzschner B, Mertig M, Poempec W (2006) Functionalized pyroelectric sensors for gas detection. Sens Actuators B 119 255-261 Sears WM, Colbow K, Consadori F (1989) General characteristics of thermally cycled tin oxide gas sensors. Semicond Sci Technol 4 351-359... 

Pyroelectric sensors Pyroelectric Thermal flow sensors Definition... 

Pyroelectric sensors have recently been increasingly employed for sensing purposes. Excellent piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of pyroelectric materials, combined with design flexibility and miniaturization offered by thin-film geometry and also developments in micro-and nanoscale fluids technologies have generated great... 

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