Pyloric

Of the proximate derivatives of atropine, the methobromide and the methonitrate are in use for much the same purposes as atropine, but the methonitrate has received special attention for the treatment of pyloric stenosis. opoAtropine has been found by Mancini to retain the same type of action as atropine but to be less potent in peripheral and more active in central nervous action. ... 

Herring Clupea harengus 170 liver, pyloric caeca 1.08... 

Fig. 10.6.2 The pempherid fish Parapriacanthus ransonneti dissected to show the pyloric caeca and portions of the visceral organs, photographed by daylight (top) and by ultraviolet light (bottom). The strong yellowish fluorescence in ultraviolet light is due to the presence of a large amount of Cypridina luciferin in the pyloric caeca and portions of the intestine. From Haneda and Johnson, 1962.

These drugp are contraindicated in those with a hypersensitivity to the anticholinergic dragp, those with glaucoma (angle-closure), pyloric or duodenal obstruction, peptic ulcers, prostatic hypertrophy, achalasia (failure of... 

Low level of NO involved in causation of pylorospasm in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis... 

Obstructing disorders Pyloric obstruction Small bowel obstruction Colonic obstruction Achalasia... 

The food, now in a liquid form known as chyme, passes through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum, where stomach acid is neutralized. There is wide variation in lengths of the components of the small intestine (i.e., duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) between individuals (Table 98-1). Most absorption of digested carbohydrate and protein occurs within the jejunum. Most fat absorption occurs within the jejunum and ileum. In the small bowel, breakdown of macronutrients (i.e., carbohydrate, protein, and fat) occurs both within the lumen of the gut and at the intestinal mucosal membrane surface. The absorptive units on the intestinal mucosal membrane are infoldings known as... 

Postpyloric feeding Delivery of nutrients via a tube placed with its tip past the pyloric sphincter separating the stomach from the duodenum. 

Figure 4. Close-up view of the GG-loaded gel in the pyloric antrum of the stomach. Surface erosion is indicated by arrowheads.

Gastrointestinal sphincters are formed where the circular layer of smooth muscle is thickened. Sphincters occur at several points along the tract. Their function is to limit the movement of food materials from one region to another. For example, the pyloric sphincter found between the stomach and duodenum of the small intestine plays an important role in limiting the rate of gastric emptying. Sphincters undergo tonic contractions that may be sustained for minutes or hours. 

Gastrin G cells in pyloric region of the stomach Protein in stomach vagal stimulation Stimulates parietal cells (HC1) and chief cells (pepsinogen) in stomach enhances gastric motility... 

The pyloric gland area is located in the remaining distal 20% of the stomach. Secretions of the stomach include ... 

Gastrin is a hormone produced by gastric endocrine tissue — specifically, the G cells in the pyloric gland area. It is released into the blood and carried back to the stomach. The major function of gastrin is to enhance acid secretion by directly stimulating parietal cells (HC1) and chief cells (pepsinogen). Gastrin also stimulates the local release of histamine from enterochromaf-fin-like cells in the wall of the stomach. Histamine stimulates parietal cells to release HC1. 

Furthermore, pH determination has been used in other clinical research, both alone and in combination with other measurements. This research includes studies into the relationship between extracellular and intracellular pH in an ischemic heart [6, 7], the pH of airway lining fluid in respiratory disease [8], the study of pH as a marker for pyloric stenosis [9], malnutrition in alkalotic peritoneal dialysis patients [10], pH modulation of heterosexual HIV transmission [11, 12], and wound prevention and treatment [13], In addition, pH changes due to blood acidosis have been used to trigger and pace the ventricular rate of an implanted cardiac pacemaker [14], Research using pH measurements... 

E.A. Oakley and P.L. Barnett, Is acid base determination an accurate predictor of pyloric stenosis J. Paediatr. Child Health 36, 587-589 (2000). 

Starfish, Luidia clathrats, Tampa Bay, Florida vs. Gulf of Mexico 1992 Body wall Pyloric caeca... 

Adult females 240 Increased steroid metabolism in pyloric caeca after 21 days 47... 

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