Pulsed electron beam polymerization

To investigate the effect of high-pressure CO2 on the polymerization reaction as well as to determine the amount of monomer inside the polymer particles, electron beam experiments have been performed [19]. Pulsed electron beam polymerization involves the generation of radicals in the aqueous phase, this being activated by an electron beam. These radicals initiate the polymerization of the residual monomer inside the latex particles. Based on the molecular weight of the newly formed polymer chains, the local monomer concentration in the polymer particles can be calculated. The growth time of a polymer chain is directly... 

The reduction of methyl methacrylate in a PMMA latex was studied. Pulsed electron beam experiments were performed to study the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on the monomer concentration inside the polymer particles during the polymerization reaction. The partitioning behaviour of methyl methacrylate between water and carbon dioxide was measured as a function of pressure and temperature. 28 refs. 

The first coupling of a LINAC with infrared spectroscopy has been performed by Palmese et al. in order to study in situ kinetics of radiation-induced cationic polymerization of epoxy systems. The aim of the study is to understand the curing behavior of polymers under irradiation. A UV light source and an electron beam (10 MeV pulse width of the beam from 2.5 to 10 pm) are coupled to a portable near infrared (NIR) instrument. Briefly, a portable NIR spectrometer (Control Development Incorporated, South Bend, IN, USA) is used,... 

Polyhydroxy acids are another group of biopolymers. Since polylactic acids, polyglycolic acid, and poly(citric acid) are classified as thermoplastic polyesters (saturated), they lack reactive functional groups for surface reactions. Moreover, any chemical manipulation to create activation sites results in hydrolysis of the ester bonds. The only reported successful methods for functionalization of polyhydroxy acids are blending them with ECPs, or using a plasma polymerization process [29]. Prior to the plasma polymerization process, surface activation or ionization of these biopolymers must be carried out, which is acquired by means of vapor phase deposition, laser deposition, microwave or synchrotron radiation [30], pulsed arc, pulsed combustion, spark, or friction induction [30], electron beams, plasma induction, corona, photons, ion beams, and X-rays [25]. 

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