Pulp enzyming process

EnZone [Enzyme ozone] A pulp bleaching process using the enzyme xylanase in combination with oxygen, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide. Invented by K.-E. L. Eriksson at the University of Georgia and piloted in 1998. 

TCF [Totally Chlorine-Free] A generic term for pulp-bleaching processes which do not use chlorine in any form. Oxidants and enzymes are used. See also ECF. 

Preparation of Apple CWM and AIR and Extraction of Pectin Fractions. Apples ( Granny Smith variety) were cored and peeled and the resulting pulp (2 kg batches) was stored in ethanol suspension to minimize enzymic oxidation. Separate batches of pulp were processed, as described for carrot preparations, to furnish apple CWM (32.5 g) and apple AIR (39.8 g) for which analytical data are recorded in Table VI. Polysaccharide fractions B (4 g) and C (2.5 g) were extracted from CWM with water at 80° and aqueous 1% ammonium oxalate at 80°. Likewise polysaccharide fractions A (2.1 g), B (5.2 g), and C (4.5 g) were Isolated from AIR by extraction with water at room temperature, 80°, and with aqueous 1% ammonium oxalate... 

Uses Defoamer for metalworking cones. enzyme, amino acid, and citric acid defoamer for fermentation applies. pharmaceutical defoamer wet end/coating defoamer in pulp/paper processing Features Modest wetting chars. 

Kenealy, WR Jeffries, TW. Enzyme Processes for Pulp and Paper A Review of Recent Developments. In A. C. Society (Editor), Wood deterioration and preservation advances in our changing world. Washington, DC Distributed by Oxford University Press, 2003, 210-39. 

Kenealy, W. R., Jeffries, T. W. (2003). Enzyme processes for pulp and a review of recent developments. In Barry, G., Nicholas, D. D., Schultz TP (eds) Wood deterioration and preservation advances in our changing world. Oxford University Press, Washington, 210-239. 

Bulk Enzymes. Enzymes such as proteases, amylases, glucose isomerases, and rennin are used in food processing. Similarly proteases and Hpases are used in detergents. CeUulases and xylanases are used in the paper pulp industry. The genes for most of the enzymes used in the various commercial processes have been cloned and overexpressed. Rennin (chymosin) produced from E. coli and A. nigerhas been approved by FDA for use in the dairy industry. 

In the wet method, as practiced in Colombia, freshly picked ripe coffee cherries are fed into a tank for initial washing. Stones and other foreign material are removed. The cherries are then transferred to depulping machines which remove the outer skin and most of the pulp. However, some pulp mucilage clings to the parchment shells that encase the coffee beans. Fermentation tanks, usually containing water, remove the last portions of the pulp. Fermentation may last from twelve hours to several days. Because prolonged fermentation may cause development of undesirable flavors and odors in the beans, some operators use enzymes to accelerate the process. 

If we compare liquefaction to maceration, more activities are needed to liquefy the cell wall. Since 1991, new pectinases activities such as rhamnogalacturonase, pectin acetylesterase and xyloglucanases complex have been found to be important in the apple liquefaction by Henck Schols, Jean-Paul Vincken and Voragen [3]. The cellulose-xyloglucan complex accounts approximatively 57% of the apple cell-wall matrix. In a liquefaction process, an efficient enzymic degradation of this complex is crucial to increase the sugars extraction, to decrease the viscosity of the pulp then to be able to ultra-filtrate the juice without second depectinisation, at last to have negative alcohol tests required by some concentrate customers. 

The pineapple fruit is mainly processed for canning as slices or cubes. After cutting, the residual pulp is removed from the peel for cloudy juice production. Then, by-products are used to produce clear juice for slices cover or as clear concentrate. In the process of clear juice, by-products are crushed and pressed. The juice is pasteurized, cooled down and depectinized with enzymes at 50°C before ultra-filtration and concentration... 

---