Puff drying

In addition to being dependent on geometric shapes, diffusivity depends as well on the drying conditions. Figure 23.8 compares the diffusivity values for air-dried, freeze-dried, and puff-dried potatoes as a function of water activity. At very high activity levels, no differences might be... 

The foam drying process is limited to specific products, such as fruit powders, for preparation of instant drinks. Techniques like vacuum puff drying, foam mat drying, microflake dehydration, and foam spray drying have been described elsewhere in this book. Among these, the foam mat drying process has received considerable attention. 

Tinted dry powders form the second type of facial makeup. Commonly, the blended soHds are compressed into compacts. The finished products, sold as compressed powders, rouges, or blushers, are appHed to the face with the aid of powder puffs, bmshes, or similar devices. Facial makeup compositions have been pubHshed for rouge (57), powder (58), and makeup (59). 

Uniform mixing in the vertical to 1000 m and uniform concentrations across each puff as it expands with the square root of travel time are assumed. A 0.01 h transformation rate from SO2 to sulfate and 0.029 and 0.007 h" dry deposition rates for SO2 and sulfate, respectively, are used. Wet deposition is dependent on the rainfall rate determined from the surface obser% ation network every 6 h, with the rate assumed to be uniform over each 6-h period. Concentrations for each cell are determined by averaging the concentrations of each time step for the cell, and deposition is determined by totaling all depositions over the period. 

Ipratropium bromide has a slower onset of action than short-acting /J2-agonists (15 to 20 minutes vs. 5 minutes for albuterol). For this reason, it may be less suitable for as-needed use, but it is often prescribed in this manner. Ipratropium has a more prolonged bronchodilator effect than short-acting /l2-agonists. Its peak effect occurs in 1.5 to 2 hours and its duration is 4 to 6 hours. The recommended dose via MDI is two puffs four times a day with upward titration often to 24 puffs/day. It is also available as a solution for nebulization. The most frequent patient complaints are dry mouth, nausea, and, occasionally, metallic taste. Because it is poorly absorbed systemically, anticholinergic side effects are uncommon (e.g., blurred vision, urinary retention, nausea, and tachycardia). 

The checkers transferred the solvent-moist product to a tared Petri dish by means of a gentle puff of compressed air through the stem of the funnel solid adhering to the filter paper and funnel was transferred to the dish with the aid of a soft rubber policeman, which was also used to spread the product over the surface of the dish. The product was then air-dried for 30 minutes in the hood. 

Dry azidodithiccarbonic acid is very sensitive to expln by friction, impact or heat. It detonates with a puff on contact with a hot wire below red heat. It is easily oxidized by various reagents to a more expl solid,... 

Its Na Salt, NaCsH9N4S04.2H20 mw 316.30 N 17.71% OB to C02 -83.47% mp (decompn and expin) v, si sol in w (soln with decompn on standing) prepn is by treating p-diazo-benzensulfonic acid with acethydrazide (CH3,CO.N.NH2) in aqNa carbonate. Puffs off on heating (especially in contact with an open flame). The dry salt is v stable in storage Refs 1) Beil 16, (419) 2)0. Dimroth ... 

Many states now require lire suppression systems for public service stations and for some private fleet refueling facilities. Most of these systems are dry chemical using infrared detectors and work as effectively on methanol vehicle fires as gasoline vehicle fires. No special requirements are necessary for these systems when used at a methanol refueling facility. All fire suppression systems should be checked after installation for proper coverage using a fraction of the dry chemical that would normally be used (this is called a puff test ). The puff test not only shows the coverage that will be obtained, but tests the components of the fire protection system. 

Moy and Speilmann (90) recently reported on the economic feasibility of vacuum puff freeze drying of tropical fruit juices and nectars. They considered the process economically feasible if production rates were 250,000 or 1,000,000kg of dried nectar base per year (two plant sizes) with an assumed level of 35% sucrose (wet weight basis) blended with the juice or puree before dehydration. One assumption made in their study was that a marketing share equivalent to 0.5% of the annual orange juice volume in the U.S. was attainable. 

The leaves may also be dried and smoked like a marijuana joint. Five or six deep puffs are reported to produce an effect similar to marijuana and last one or two hours. 

Niflumic acid is prepared as follows Nicotinic acid, m-trifluoromethylaniline, and potassium iodide are intimately mixed and heated on an oil bath at 140°C. The mixture melts to give a dark red liquid. The temperature of the oil bath is allowed to fall to 100°C and is maintained at this temperature for an hour and a half. The mixture puffs up and forms a yellow crystalline mass. After cooling to ordinary temperature, this mass is ground up in a mortar and extracted several times with small volumes of ether to remove excess m-trifluoromethylaniline. The residue is then washed twice with 10 ml of distilled water to remove m-trifluoromethylaniline hydrochloride and potassium iodide, and finally twice with 10 ml of 95% alcohol to remove colored resinous contaminants. After drying at 100°C, 2-(m-trifluoromethylanilino)nicotinic acid is obtained as pale yellow needles (from 70% ethanol) melting at 204°C (Kofler block). 

Acids such as sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, perchloric, formic, acetic, chlorosulfonic, 50% hydrofluoric, and adipic can be treated by a mix of magnesium oxide and other chemical additives. It must be expected that when the dry chemical agent is applied to an acid spill, there will be a momentary increase in the volume of vapor coming off the spill. This puff is caused by the heat generated from the neutralization of the acid. To protect the personnel applying the dry chemical cover from this puff, suitable personnel protective equipment should be worn. 

Sometlmei explodes mildly (puffs) upon addition of sulfuric acid. Testa of dried water extract. 

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