Psychotomimetics Psychedelics, Hallucinogens

In addition, other drugs that do not act as primary hallucinogens, such as methylene-dioxyamphetamine derivatives (e.g., 3,4-dimethylene-dioxymethamphetamine, Ecstasy ) and cocaine pose a health risk. The acute intoxication is associated with a misperception of reality, a period of exhaustion follows. After prolonged use, dependence develops associated with intellectual degradation and physical decay. Withdrawal therapy is very dif cult. Marihuana frequently serves as an entry-level recreational substance for hard drugs. 

Psychotomimetics are devoid of therapeutic value however, since their use leads to toxic effects and permanent damage, their manufacture and commercial distribution are prohibited (Schedule I, Controlled Drugs). 2005 Thieme and conditions of license. 

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The endocrine system is controlled by the brain. Nerve cells of the hypothalamus 

The axonal processes of hypothalamic neurons project to the neurohypophysis, where they store the nonapeptides vasopressin (= antidiuretic hormone, ADH) and oxytocin and release them on demand into the blood. Therapeutically (ADH, p.168, oxytocin, p.130), these peptide hormones are given parenterally or via the nasal mucosa. 

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For many years it was believed that the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of psychedelic hallucinogens and dissociative anesthetics were separate and distinct. Indeed, there has been considerable debate about which represents the best drag model of schizophrenia. However, recent data show that the two classes of psychotomimetic drags share a common final pathway involving an increase in the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. 

Psychedelic Hallucinogen Psycho Energizers Psychomotor Stimulant Diugs Psychostimulants Psychotogenic Psychotomimetic Drugs PT... 

The psychotomimetic (hallucinogenic, psychedelic, psychodysleptic) activity reported to be shown by adrenochrome and some of its derivatives, in particular, adrenolutin, and its possible role in the etiology of some forms of mental illness, particularly schizophrenia, have been the subjects of much controversy since the adrenochrome hypothesis of schizophrenia was first proposed by Hoffer, Osmond and Smythies in 1954 [342]. This hypothesis, which developed from an earlier suggestion by Osmond and Smythies, states that schizophrenia results from a defect in the normal metabolism of adrenaline in the body, with the in vivo formation of a psychotoxic metabolite of adrenaline, referred to as M-substance (i.e. mescaline-like substance) [343]. In their 1954 publication Hoffer, Osmond and Smythies postulated that adrenochrome was the endogenous psychotoxin (i.e. M-substance ) [342]. This suggestion was based on their observations after... 

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