Psychoses classification

Kanemoto K, Tsuji T, Kawasaki J. Reexamination of interictal psychoses based on DSM IV psychosis classification and international epilepsy classification. Epilepsia 2001 42(1) 98-103. 

The classification of NMDA antagonists as nonaddictive drugs was based on early assessments, which, in the case of PCP, have recently been questioned. In fact, animal research shows that PCP can increase mesolimbic dopamine concentrations and has some reinforcing properties in rodents. Concurrent effects on both thalamocortical and mesolimbic systems also exist for other addictive drugs. Psychosis-like symptoms can be observed with cannabinoids, amphetamines, and cocaine, which may reflect their effects on thalamocortical structures. For example, cannabinoids, in addition to their documented effects on the mesolimbic dopamine system, also enhance excitation in cortical circuits through presynaptic inhibition of GABA release. 

OFFICIAL NAMES N,N-dimethyltryptamine, Nigerine, des-oxybufotenine, 3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-indole STREET NAMES 45-minute psychosis, AMT, businessman s LSD, businessman s special, businessman s trip, DET, fantasia DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS Schedule I, hallucinogen... 

Older classifications of psychiatric disorder divided diseases into psychoses and neuroses. The term psychosis is still widely used to describe a severe mental illness with the presence of hallucinations, delusions or extreme abnormalities of behaviour including marked overactivity, retardation and catatonia, usually accompanied by a lack of insight. Psychotic disorders therefore include schizophrenia, severe forms of depression and mania. Psychosis may also be due to illicit substances or organic conditions. Clinical features of schizophrenia may be subdivided into positive symptoms, which include hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder and negative symptoms such as apathy, flattening of affect and poverty of speech. 

Antipsychotic drugs A major classification of drugs, most of which are dopamine receptor antagonists (with the exception of the newer antipsychotic medications), and are used to address disturbances in affect and mood such as psychosis, delusions, and psychotic depression. 

Schizophrenia is the most common psychosis, affecting about 1 % of the general population. It often affects people in late adolescence and can be chronic and disabling. Schizophrenia has a number of sub-types and there have been attempts at classifying them, but this has proved difficult. Modern diagnostic classifications depend on the presence or absence of positive or negative symptoms as well as the duration of symptoms according to either the ICD-10 or the DSM-IV. 

Craddock, N. Owen, M. J. (2007). Rethinking psychosis the disadvantages of a dichotomous classification now outweigh the advantages. World Psychiatry. 6 84—91. 

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