Proton exchange membrane fuel cells methods

Franco, E.G., Neto, A., Linardi, M., and Arico, E., Synthesis of electrocalysts by the Bonnemann method for the oxidation of methanol and the mixture of H2/CO in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 13, 516, 2002. 

Ticianelli, E. A., Derouin, G. R., Redondo, A., and Srinivasan, S. Methods to advance technology of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 1988 135 2209-2214. 

Wee, J. H., Lee, K. Y, and Kim, S. H. Fabrication methods for low-Pt-loading electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems. Journal of Power Sources 2007 165 667-677. 

Nakakubo, T., Shibata, M., and Yasuda, K. Membrane electrode assembly for proton exchange membrane fuel cells prepared by sputter deposition in air and transfer method. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2005 152 A2316-A2322. 

Figure 6.21. AC impedance spectra for the cathodic ORR of the cell incorporating electrodes prepared by a the conventional method (electrode 1), b the sputtering method with 50 A rate (electrode 2), and c the sputtering method with 100 A rate (electrode 3) [21]. (Reproduced by permission of ECS—The Electrochemical Society, from Cha SY, Lee WM. Performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrodes prepared by direct deposition of ultrathin platinum on the membrane surface.)...

Liu, D.-J. and Yang, J., Method of Fabricating Electrode Catalyst Layers with Directionally Oriented Carbon Support for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, U.S. Patent Application 20060269827, November 30, 2006. 

Previously, the common approach to fabricating membrane and electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells involves hot-pressing a mixture of platinum powder and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on both sides of a proton exchange membrane. This method has resulted in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells capable of high power densities. 

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been extensively studied in the last two decades for many applications and especially for low emissions vehicles.Pure hydrogen is the ideal fuel for the PEMFC. However, it cannot be stored practically in sufficient quantities on-board a vehicle and, therefore, there is a need for an adequate supply infrastructure. On-board H2 production from liquid fuel such as methanol is considered as a promising method for fuel cell vehicle application. Hydrogen-rich reformed gas presents 1-2% of CO. Unfortunately, this CO concentration cannot be tolerated by the PEMFC electrodes at low operating temperature. In order to avoid... 

Esmaeilifar A, Rowshanzamir S, Eikani MH, Ghanzanfari E (2010) Synthesis methods of low Pt-loading electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems. Eneigy 35 (9) 3941-3957... 

Hirano S, Kim J, Srinivasan S. High performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells with sputter-deposited Pt layer electrodes. Electrochim Acta 1997 42 1587-93. Deamaley G, Arps JH. Method of depositing a catalyst on a fuel cell electrode. United States patent US 6159533. 2000 Dec 12. 

Khajeh-Hosseini-Dalasm N, Ahadian S, Fushinobu K et al (2011) Prediction and analysis of the cathode catalyst layer performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using artificial neural network and statistical methods. J Power Sources 196 3750-3756... 

FIGURE8.20 Cell voltage response to exposure to 1 ppm CO in Hj at the anode at 60 C and 1 A cm . (Reprinted from Journal of Power Sources, 193, Bender, G. et al.. Method using gas chromatography to determine the molar flow balance for proton exchange membrane fuel cells exposed to impurities, 713-722, Copyright (2009), with permission from Elsevier.)... 

Suzuki, T., Tsushima, S., and Hirai, S. 2011. Effects of Nafion ionomer and carbon particles on structure formation in a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst layer fabricated by the decal-transfer method. 36, 12361-12369. 

Barbosa, R., Andaverde, X, Escobar, B. Cano, U. Stochastic reconstruction and a scaling method to determine effective transport coefficients of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst layer. J. Power Sources 196 (2011a),pp. 1248-1257. 

Xiong, L. Manthiiam, A. Nanostructured Pt-M/C (M=Fe and Co) catalysts prepared by a microemulsion method for oxygen reduction in proton exchange membrane fuel-cells. Electrochim. Acta 50 (2005), pp. 2323-2329. 

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