Proton exchange membrane fuel cells membranes

PEMEC proton-exchange membrane fuel cell membrane fuel cell)... 

Zhou C, Savant D, Ghassemi H, Schiraldi DA, Zawodzinski Jr TA. Fuel cells-proton-exchange membrane fuel cells membrane life-limiting considerations. In Garche J, editor. Encyclopedia of electrochemical power sources. New York Elsevier Academic Press 2009. p. 755-63. 

Ford Motor Company. (1997). Direct Ilydrogcn-Fuclcd Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System for Transportation Applications Hydrogen Vehicle... 

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)... 

Propylene glycol, glycolysis of polyurethanes with, 572 Propylene oxide (PO), glycolysis of polyurethanes with, 572-573 Propylene oxide (PO) polyols, 211, 223 Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), 272-273 Proton NMR integrations, 386. See also H NMR spectroscopy Protonic acids, reactions catalyzed by, 67-68... 

Reforming 573 K Shift-Conversion Phosphoric Acid, 473 K or Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, 363 K... 

Significant (and even spectacular) results were contributed by the group of Norskov to the field of electrocatalysis [102-105]. Theoretical calculations led to the design of novel nanoparticulate anode catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) which are composed of trimetallic systems where which PtRu is alloyed with a third, non-noble metal such as Co, Ni, or W. Remarkably, the activity trends observed experimentally when using Pt-, PtRu-, PtRuNi-, and PtRuCo electrocatalysts corresponded exactly with the theoretical predictions (cf. Figure 5(a) and (b)) [102]. 

Muketjee S, Srinivasan S. 1993. Enhanced electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction on platinum alloys in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem 357 201-224. 

Fernandez JL, Raghuveer V, Manthiram A, Bard AJ. 2005a. Pd-Ti and Pd-Co-Au electrocatalysts as a replacement for platinum for oxygen reduction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Am Chem Soc 127 13100-13101. 

Ferreira PJ, Shao-Hom Y. 2007. Formation mechanism of Pt single-crystal nanoparticles in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Electrochem Solid State Lett 10 B60-B63. 

Ferreira PJ, La O GJ, Shao-Hom Y, Morgan D, Makharia R, Kocha S, Gasteiger HA. 2005. Instability of Pt/C electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells—A mechanistic investigation. J Electrochem Soc 152 A2256-A2271. 

Mukeijee S, Srinivasan S. 1993. Enhanced electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction on platinum alloys in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem 357 201-224. Mukeijee S, Srinivasan S, Soriaga M, McBreen J. 1995. Role of structural and electronic properties of Pt and Pt alloys on electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction. J Electrochem Soc 142 1409-1422. 

Wang X, Li WZ, Chen ZW, Waje M, Yan YS. 2006. Durability investigation of carbon nanotube as catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J Power Sources 158 154-159. 

Ambient temperature catalysis of O2 reduction at low overpotentials is a challenge in development of conventional proton exchange membrane fuel cells (pol5mer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, PEMFCs) [Ralph and Hogarth, 2002]. In this chapter, we discuss two classes of enz5mes that catalyze the complete reduction of O2 to H2O multi-copper oxidases and heme iron-containing quinol oxidases. 

Liu, X., Chen, J., Liu, G., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., and Yi, B. (2010) Enhanced long-term durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode by employing Pt/Ti02/C catalysts. Journal of Power Sources, 195 (13), 4098-4103. 

Wee, J.H., Applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 11,1720-1738,2007. 

In the case of 50 kW power, the rate of hydrogen supply needed (LH) is around 1.69 X 103 (mol/h) at the energy-conversion-efficiency level of 45% for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC) [38]. 

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are being considered as a potential alternative energy conversion device for mobile power applications. Since the electrolyte of a PEM fuel cell can function at low temperatures (typically at 80 °C), PEMFCs are unique from the other commercially viable types of fuel cells. Moreover, the electrolyte membrane and other cell components can be manufactured very thin, allowing for high power production to be achieved within a small volume of space. Thus, the combination of small size and fast start-up makes PEMFCs an excellent candidate for use in mobile power applications, such as laptop computers, cell phones, and automobiles. 

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), 72 201, 211-213 73 861-862... 

Franco, E.G., Neto, A., Linardi, M., and Arico, E., Synthesis of electrocalysts by the Bonnemann method for the oxidation of methanol and the mixture of H2/CO in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 13, 516, 2002. 

Catalytic Processes of Hydrogen Production for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell... 

Would the preferential CO oxidation reaction be needed if the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with Pt anode catalyst were able to work at temperatures higher than about 403 K ... 

PEM Proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (Polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cell) Proton- conducting polymer membrane (e.g., Nafion ) H+ (proton) 50-80 mW (Laptop) 50 kW (Ballard) modular up to 200 kW 25-=45% Immediate Road vehicles, stationary electricity generation, heat and electricity co-generation, submarines, space travel... 

Since CO acts as a poison to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the 50 ppm range, it has to be removed before feeding the H2 enriched gas to the fuel cell. This CO removal occurs in the PROX reactor, where Pt/Al203 catalysts are common, even though some interest in Au-based catalysts is growing due the lower cost of the active phase [48]. 

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