Electrodes proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

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Cha, S. Y., and Lee, W. M. Performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrodes prepared by direct deposition of ultrathin platinum on the membrane surface. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 1999 146 4055 060. 

Figure 6.21. AC impedance spectra for the cathodic ORR of the cell incorporating electrodes prepared by a the conventional method (electrode 1), b the sputtering method with 50 A rate (electrode 2), and c the sputtering method with 100 A rate (electrode 3) [21]. (Reproduced by permission of ECS—The Electrochemical Society, from Cha SY, Lee WM. Performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrodes prepared by direct deposition of ultrathin platinum on the membrane surface.)...

Saha MS, Kundu A (2010) Functionalizing carbon nanotubes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells electrode. J Power Sourc 195(19) 6255-6261... 

Srinivasan S, Velew OA, Parthasarathy A, Manko DJ, Appleby AJ. High energy efficiency and high power density proton exchange membrane fuel cells - electrode kinetics and mass transport. J Power Sources 1991 36 299-320. 

Mdlingtrai B, Du S, Pollet BG (2011) The effect of materials on proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrode performance. J Power Sources 196 9013—9017... 

Job N, Berthon-Fabry S, Chatenet M, Marie J, Brigaudet M, Pirard J-P (2009) Nanostructured carbons as platinum catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrode. Topics Catal,52,2111-2121. 

Hsieh, C.-T., Y.-Y. Liu, and A.K. Roy, Pulse etectrodeposited Pd nanoclusters on graphene-based electrodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Electrochimica Acta, 2012. 64(0) p. 205-210. 

T. Ralph, G. Hards, J. Keating, S. Campbell, D. Wilkinson, M. Davis, J. St. Pierre, M. Johnson, "Low Cost Electrodes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Performance in Single Cells and Ballard Stacks," J. Electrochemical Society, Volume 144, No. 11, November 1997. 

Wang, C., Waje, M., Wang, X., Tang, J. M., Haddon, R. C., and Yan, Y. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells with carbon nanotube based electrodes. Nano Letters 2004 4 345-348. 

Saha, M. S., Li, R., Cai, M., and Sun, X. Nano wire-based three-dimensional hierarchical core/shell heterostructured electrodes for high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources 2008 185 1079-1085. 

Sasikumar, G., Ihm, J. W, and Ryu, H. Dependence of optimum Nation content in catalyst layer on platinum loading. Journal of Power Sources 2004 132 11-17. Taylor, E. J., Anderson, E. B., and Vilambi, N. R. K. Preparation of high-plat-inum-utilization gas diffusion electrodes for proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 1992 139 L45-L46. 

Kim, C. S., Ghun, Y. G., Peck, D. H., and Shin, D. R. A novel process to fabricate membrane electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 1998 23 1045-1048. 

Hirano, S., Kim, J., and Srinivasan, S. High-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells with sputter-deposited Pt layer electrodes. Electrochimica Acta 1997 42 1587-1593. 

Nakakubo, T., Shibata, M., and Yasuda, K. Membrane electrode assembly for proton exchange membrane fuel cells prepared by sputter deposition in air and transfer method. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2005 152 A2316-A2322. 

Kadjo, A. J. J., Brault, R, Caillard, A., Coutanceau, C., Gamier, J. R, and Martemianov, S. Improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrical performance by optimization of operating parameters and electrodes preparation. Journal of Power Sources 2007 172 613-622. 

T. R. Ralph, G. A. Hards, J. E. Keating, et al. Low cost electrodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 144 (1997) 3845-3857. 

K. F. Ghiu and K. W. Wang. Hydrophobic coatings on carbon electrodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Surface and Coatings Technology 202 (2007) 1231-1235. 

W. He, G. Lin, and T. V. Nguyen. Diagnostic tool to detect electrode flooding in proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells. AIChE Journal 49 (2003) 3221-3228. 

Modeling of Membrane-Electrode-Assembly Degradation in Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells - Local H2 Starvation and Start-Stop Induced Carbon-Support Corrosion... 

Fig. 13.27. Potential vs. current density plots for state-of-the-art fuel cells, o, proton exchange membrane fuel cell , solid oxide fuel cell , pressurized phosphonic acid fuel cell (PAFC) a, direct methanol fuel cell, direct methanol PAFC , alkaline fuel cell. (Reprinted from M. A. Parthasarathy, S. Srinivasan, and A. J. Appleby, Electrode Kinetics of Oxygen Reduction at Carbon-Supported and Un-supported Platinum Microcrystal-lite/Nafion Interfaces, J. Electroanalytical Chem. 339 101-121, copyright 1992, p. 103, Fig. 1, with permission from Elsevier Science.)...

Raistrick ID. Modified gas diffusion electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In Van Zee JW, White RE, Kinoshita K, Barney HS, editors. Proceedings of the Symposium on Diaphragms, Separators, and Ion-Exchange Membranes Pennington, NJ The Electrochemical Society 1986. Vol. PY-86. p. 172. 

Figure 4.33. Equivalent circuit of a catalyst layer [8]. (Reproduced by permission of the authors and of ECS—The Electrochemical Society, from Lefebvre MC, Martin RB, Pickup PG. Characterization of ionic conductivity within proton exchange membrane fuel cell gas diffusion electrodes by impedance spectroscopy.)...

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