Proteomics application

Nagele, E., Vollmer, M., Horth, P. (2004). Improved 2D nano-LC/MS for proteomics applications a comparative analysis using yeast proteome. J. Biomol. Tech. 15, 134—143. 

The strategy described has been demonstrated by the in vivo labeling of proteins in both bacterial and mammalian systems thereby making it potentially useful for future bioimaging and proteomics applications [163],... 

Quantitation and qualification of large molecules follow similar principles as procedures for small molecules but involve different foci and approaches. The quantitation of proteins and peptides includes relative and absolute amount evaluations. Most proteomic applications in drug discovery are concerned with relative abundances of proteins. 

With TOF, the ions from an ion source are accelerated linearly down a chamber containing an electrical field. The flight chamber is at very low pressure that facilitates the flight of the peptide ions with minimal collisions with other molecules. The ions travel in a linear trajectory until they impact a detector at the other end of the tube. The heavier ions travel more slowly than the lower molecular weight ions and reach the detector later. Hence, TOF analyzers derive their name from the concept that the time of flight of an ion is related to its m/z ratio and velocity within a fixed distance. Linear mode TOF analyzers contain single chambers and are not favored for proteomics applications because of their lower mass accuracy. 

TOF analyzers are especially compatible with MALDI ion sources and hence are frequently coupled in aMALDI-TOF configuration. Nevertheless, many commercial mass spectrometers combine ESI with TOF with great success. For proteomics applications, the quadrupole TOF (QqTOF) hybrid instruments with their superior mass accuracy, mass range, and mass resolution are of much greater utility than simple TOF instruments.21,22 Moreover, TOF instruments feature high sensitivity because they can generate full scan data without the necessity for scanning that causes ion loss and decreased sensitivity. Linear mode TOF instruments cannot perform tandem mass spectrometry. This problem is addressed by hybrid instruments that incorporate analyzers with mass selective capability (e.g., QqTOF) in front of a TOF instrument. 

Time-of-flight mass spectrometers are interfaced with MALDI and electrospray ion sources. For proteomic applications they are most often interfaced with MALDI (Fig. 3). All ions from the ion source are accelerated to the same energy and then are left to drift in a field-free region. 

Lazar, I. M., Trisiripisal, P., and Sarvaiya, H. A. (2006). Microfluidic liquid chromatography system for proteomic applications and biomarker screening. Anal. Chem. 78, 5513—5524. 

Other microarray formats useful for proteomic applications... 

Steiner S, Wiltzman FW. Proteomics applications and opportunities in preclinical drug development. Electrophoresis 2000 21 2099-104. 

D-DIGE Facilitates High-Throughput Gel-Based Proteomics Applications... 

Wulfkuhle JD, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF. Proteomic applications for the early detection of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2003 3(4) 267-275. 

Bacteria Nature Proteomics Applications Purpose Reference... 

Recent advances in proteomics methodologies make them a promising strategy for food science studies and are used by research institutions, industries, agencies, and regulatory laboratories, combining efforts to acquire the needed knowledge on food composition, quality, and safety. Very useful reviews on proteomics applications in food science have been recently published (9,10). 

FIGURE 2 Major areas of proteomics applications for the assessment of quality and safety of food products. 

Proteomics—Application to the Brain Katrin Marcus, Oliver Schmidt, Heike Schaefer, Michael Hamacher, AndrA van Hall, and Helmut... 

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