Proteins salmine

Salmine, sturine, etc., are simple proteins, probably the simplest of all, and are found in fish sperm, e.g., in salmon sperm (salmine) and in sturgeon sperm (sturine), etc. 

Salmine Sulfate. A protamine found in the sperm of salmon. Contains arginine, proline, serine, glycine, valine, leucine, alanine, threonine, isoleucine, lysine, histidine, aspartic and glutamic acids. Mol wt 6000 to 7000. N about 25%. Prepn and properties Fisher, Scott, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 58, 78 (1936) Felix. Am. Sci. 43, 431 (1955) Callanan et al., J. Biol Chem 229, 279 (1957) Carroll er al, ibid. 234, 2314 (1959). Separation of components and amino add sequence of major component Ando, Watanabe, Ini. J, Protein Res. 1, 221 (1969). 

Protamide LMFAB. See Lauramide DEA Protamide LNO. See Linoleamide DEA Protamide MEAA. See Acetamide MEA Protamide MRCA. See Myristamide DEA Protamide SA. See Stearamide DEA Protamide X-45-B. SeeCocamide DEA Protamine sulfate CAS 9009-65-8 53597-25-4 Synonyms Salmine sulfate Definition Mixt. of simple proteins obtained from the sperm or testes of certain species of fish has property of neutralizing heparin Toxicoiogy LD50 (IP, rat) 120 mg/kg, (IV, rat) 75 mg/kg, (subcut., mouse) 200 mg/kg poison by IP, IV, subcut. routes human systemic effects (anaphylaxis, blood pressure decrease, decreased urine vol.) TSCA listed Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx Uses Pharmaceuticals (parenterals, injectables)... 

Fish sperm contain nucleoprotamines. Upon treatment with sulfuric acid, the nucleoprotamines are reduced to nucleic acid and protamine sulfate. The chemically heterogeneous protamines of molar mass 2000-8000 thus obtained contain only a few different kinds of amino acid residues per molecule. They are relatively rich in basic amino acids, as the composition of the protamines clupeine and salmine shows (Table 29-6), and never contain cystine, aspartic acid, or tryptophan. The basic amino acids are responsible for the bonding of the protein to the nucleic acid component. 

The properties are very special in that the proteins attach to more acidic proteins. Before modern protein separation techniques became available, the protamines were used for purification of other proteins (Green and Hughes, 1955). The tight binding to other proteins was also utilised, and still is, for the introduction of insulin to diabetic patients (Hagedorn et al., 1936). It was in fact the protamine from salmon (salmin) that made insulin injection a success, in that it allowed for a slow release of insulin into the blood. This had previously been a problem. 

Hershey s conclusions apply only to the sulfur-containing protein which seems to be confined to the phage membrane. The DNA may be bound to a sulfur-free protein analogous to the protamine, salmine. In such case Hershey s results could be reconciled with those of Kozloff (158) who reported that more progeny nucleic acid N, but nonetheless some progeny protein N is received from the parent phage. 

Ando, T., Watanabe, S. A new method for fractionation of protamines and the amino acid sequences of one component of salmine and three components of iridine. Int. J. Protein Res. 1, 221—224 (1969). 

Sawada, F., Ando, T. Studies on the origin of heterogeneity in protamines by means of chromatographic method. Presented at 31st General Meeting of Japan. Biochem. Soc. (Sapporo, July, 1958). Abstr. in Seikagaku (J. Japan. Biochem. Soc.) 30, 808 (1958). Scanes, F. S., Tozer, B. T. Fractionation of basic proteins and polypeptides. Clupeine and Salmine. Biochem. J. 63, 565—576 (1956). 

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